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Query: UMLS:C0023241 (Legionella)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Agar and broth microdilution MICs of Ro 23-9424 that inhibited 90% of 22 Legionella clinical isolates tested were 0.64 and 0.08 micrograms/ml, respectively; respective erythromycin values were 1.0 and 0.12 micrograms/ml. Ro 23-9424 (1 microgram/ml) was slightly more active than the same erythromycin concentration in a macrophage system, for both Legionella pneumophila strains studied.
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PMID:In vitro activity of Ro 23-9424 against clinical isolates of Legionella species. 148 6

The effect of agar type used for buffered charcoal yeast extract medium supplemented with 0.1% alpha-ketoglutarate was tested based on the growth and size of Legionella pneumophila. Oxoid Agar no. 1, Difco Bacto and Bitek agars, and BBL Granulated, Grade A, and Select agars were tested. For colony size the agars were ranked in the following order: Oxoid agar no. 1 much greater than Bacto greater than Bitek approximately Granulated approximately Grade A greater than Select. Colony yield per plate was similar for all agars except for Grade A, which gave significantly fewer colonies after 3 days, but not 4 days, of incubation. Agar type significantly influences L. pneumophila growth on buffered charcoal yeast extract medium supplemented with 0.1% alpha-ketoglutarate.
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PMID:Comparison of different agars used in the formulation of buffered charcoal yeast extract medium. 199 56

Agar dilution minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of lomefloxacin (LO), ciprofloxacin (CI), and erythromycin (ER) were determined for 100 clinical isolates of Legionella using buffered charcoal yeast extract medium supplemented with alpha-ketoglutarate (BCYEa). The Legionella strains tested included 84 L. pneumophila, 2 L. micdadei, 6 L. dumoffii, 4 L. longbeachae, and one each of L. bozemanii, L. hackeliae, L. wadsworthii, and L. maceachernii. Geometric mean MICs microgram/ml were 0.56 for LO, 0.50 for CI, and 0.25 for ER. Ninety percent MICs were 1.0 for LO and CI, and 0.5 for ER. All Legionella strains except one (L. hackeliae) were inhibited by 1.0 microgram/ml of LO or CI; this strain had an Er MIC of 1.0 microgram/ml and was inhibited by 2.0 micrograms/ml of LO or CI. Control strains of Eschershia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were also tested on both BCYEa and Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) to determine BCYEa-mediated inhibition of the antimicrobials. All three antimicrobials were inactivated in varying degrees by BCYEa. BCYEa:MHA MICs of the S. aureus control strain were 4:1 for LO and ER, and greater than 4:1 for CI. BCYEa: MHA MICs of the E. coli control strain were 4:1 for LO and CI, and unmeasurable for ER. Both LO and CI have good in vitro activity against legionella, probably greater than that measured in this study because of antimicrobial inactivation by BCYEa. Since LO is concentrated by phagocytic cells, like ER and CI, it is likely that it will be effective in the treatment of Legionnaires' disease.
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PMID:In vitro activity of lomefloxacin (NY-198 or SC 47111), ciprofloxacin, and erythromycin against 100 clinical Legionella strains. 279 5

Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 10 quinolones were determined by dilution method on BCYE, for 20 strains of Legionella pneumophila. Since the BCYE Agar medium reduces the antibacterial activity of some antimicrobials, a correction factor was calculated. It was found to be 1 to 16 according to the antibiotic tested. The following mode adjusted MIC show the good in vitro antibacterial activity of quinolones on L. pneumophila: ofloxacin, pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, A 56620 cMIC: 0.06 microgram/ml), A 56619, enoxacin (cMIC: 0.12 microgram/ml), rosoxacin (cMIC: 0.25 microgram/ml). Pipemidic acid (cMIC: 2 micrograms/ml) and nalidixic acid (cMIC: 1 microgram/ml) were the least active.
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PMID:[Antibacterial activity in vitro of 10 quinolones against 20 strains of Legionella pneumophila]. 353 57

Sterile parotid saliva inhibited growth of Legionella pneumophila on solid media, and the salivary component involved in this inhibition has been shown to be amylase. Disk diffusion and well plate assays were used to study possible mechanisms for this effect. The amylolytic activity of saliva copurified with inhibitory activity, and both activities were sensitive to proteinase K digestion and heat treatment. In addition, purified alpha-amylase from several sources (bacteria, fungi, porcine pancreas, and human saliva) exhibited similar activity. Incorporation of charcoal or bovine serum albumin into media blocked inhibition by amylase. Replacement of Bacto-Agar with Noble agar (both from Difco Laboratories) prevented growth inhibition in the absence of starch. However, when corn starch was present with Noble agar, amylase-induced growth inhibition occurred. Purification of starch by washing with methanol eliminated some toxic component. The toxic component from starch could be recovered from the methanol wash and inhibited growth of L. pneumophila in the absence of amylase activity. The results suggest that toxic substances exist in media components which may be unmasked during salivary amylase digestion of starch. This effect may explain, in part, the difficulty in recovery of the organism from clinical specimens containing amylase.
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PMID:Effects of alpha-amylase on in vitro growth of Legionella pneumophila. 619 Jul 56

With 28 beta-lactam antibiotics the susceptibilities of 60 strains of Legionella spp. (49 Legionella pneumophila and 11 ATCC type strains of other Legionella species) were determined. Agar dilution testing was used on buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar to which 0.1% alpha-ketoglutarate was added. The most active of the penicillins tested were ampicillin (MIC = 0.06-8 mg/l) and temocilin (MIC = 0.125 - 16 mg/l); the most active cephalosporins were ceftazidime (MIC = 0.03 - 0.5 mg/l), HR 810 (MIC = 0.06 - 1 mg/l) and cefoxitin (MIC = 0.125 - 2 mg/l). Of all the drugs tested imipenem had the most pronounced activity (MIC = .0075 - 0.06 mg/l).
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PMID:Susceptibility of Legionella spp. to imipenem and 27 other beta-lactam antibiotics. 659 34

Because of culture medium constitution and growth conditions of Legionella species, antibiotic Minimal inhibitory Concentration (MIC) determination is difficult and does not fit with the accepted standards. The following strains have been tested : references strains : Staphylococcus aureus Oxford CNCM 53154, S. aureus 209P CNCM 53156, E. coli CNCM A224, E. coli CNCM 7324. L. pneumophila, 9 strains representative of the 6 serogroups. L. micdadei, L. dumoffii. 5 clinical isolates of L. pneumophila serogroup 1 (3 isolated in our Laboratory and 2 in Belgium). MIC of 17 antibiotics have been determined, among them macrolids not tested before. The method used was the Agar Dilution Method, with several media compared. MIC values are different in function of the various media tested Charcoal yeast extract medium, which is recommended for Legionella growth, does not inhibit activity of penicillin G, cefalotin, cefoxitin, amikacin, erythromycin and lincosamins, in contrast of tetracyclin, gentamicin, dibekacin, chloramphenicol, oleandomycin, pristinamycin, spiramycin and rifampicin. Charcoal, ferric pyrophosphate and L-cystein present in the culture medium are inactivating factors. However our results confirm good activity of rifampicin, erythromycin, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin and amikacin. Among the others macrolids tested, pristinamycin is the most active.
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PMID:[Practical problems raised by antibiotic minimal inhibitory concentration determination in Legionella species (author's transl)]. 681 Feb 85

Agar and broth microdilution MICs of RP 74501-RP 74502, a mixture of streptogramin antimicrobial agents that inhibited 90% of 22 Legionella strains tested, were 0.64 and 0.08 microgram/ml, respectively; respective erythromycin values were 1.0 and 0.12 microgram/ml. RP 74501-RP 74502 at 1 microgram/ml was more active than the same erythromycin concentration in a macrophage system for both L. pneumophila strains studied but at a lower concentration (0.25 microgram/ml) was much less active than erythromycin.
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PMID:In vitro activity of RP 74501-RP 74502, a novel streptogramin antimicrobial mixture, against clinical isolates of Legionella species. 849 90

Seven Danish rainwater systems were investigated with respect to the microbial water quality. The general microbiological quality (total numbers of bacteria (AODC)), and heterotrophic plate counts on R2A and Plate Count Agar in the toilets supplied with rainwater were approximately the same as in the reference toilets supplied with drinking water. However, in 12 of the 27 analysed samples one or more pathogens were observed (Aeromonas sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Legionella non-pneumophila, Campylobacter jejuni, Mycobacterium avium, and Cryptosporidium sp.). These pathogens were not found in any of the reference toilets (32 toilets). This means that the use of rainwater introduced new, potentially pathogenic microorganisms into the households which would normally not occur in toilets supplied with water from waterworks. Furthermore, four graywater systems were investigated where water from the shower and hand wash basin was reused. The graywater systems gave more problems in terms of bad smell and substantially higher numbers of E. coli and Enterococcus in some toilet bowls supplied with graywater.
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PMID:Microbiological investigations of rainwater and graywater collected for toilet flushing. 1238 Oct 6

Microbiological contamination of hot spring waters is a public health problem, and hot spring waters have been thought to be a potential source of Legionella infections. In this study, 209 water samples collected from 69 thermal pools of 36 hot springs in the Central Anatolia Region were examined for the presence of Legionella spp. between September and November 2001. The water samples were concentrated via filtration, and the filtrates were decontaminated by low-pH method. Then the samples were cultured on non-selective (Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract Agar, BCYE) and selective (GVPC; BCYE supplemented with glycine, vancomycin, polymyxin B, cycloheximide, and MWY; BCYE supplemented with glycine, anisomycin, polymyxin B, vancomycin, bromthymol blue, bromcresole purple) media, and suspected colonies were confirmed by Legionella Latex Kit (Oxoid) and direct fluorescent antibody test. As a result, 24 out of 209 (11.5%) water samples were found positive for Legionella pneumophila, and a total 26 L. pneumophila strains were isolated from these 24 samples. Two of these isolates were found reactive with serogroup 1, 20 were reactive with serogroup 2-14 antisera in agglutination test, while 2 samples collected from the same thermal pool, have yielded 2 strains, of which one was serogroup 1 and the other was serogroup 2-14. L. pneumophila was detected in 22.2% of hot springs (8 of 36) and 14.5% of thermal pools (10 of 69). L. pneumophila concentrations which were detected in water samples ranged from 10 to 430 CFU/100 ml. This is the first data for the prevalence of Legionnaires' disease agent in hot spring spas in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. Colonization of bacterium in some spas indicates that the certain hot springs might be endemic focuses for Legionnaires' disease in our country.
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PMID:[Legionella pneumophila in thermal pools of hot springs in the central Anatolian district]. 1283 56


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