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Query: UMLS:C0023241 (Legionella)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A group of related bacteria designated atypical Legionella-like organisms (ALLO) has been identified. ALLO, like L. pneumophila, are fastidious gram-negative rods that grow well on charcoal yeast extract (CYE) agar and produce ground glass colonies and browning of modified yeast extract agar. Unlike L. pneumophila, ALLO do not grow well on Feeley-Gorman (FG) agar, and on CYE agar they fluoresce under longwave ultraviolet light. ALLO and L. pneumophila have a similar predominance of branched-chain forms among total cellular fatty acids but have distinctive fatty-acid profiles. 2 patients with culture-verified ALLO pneumonia and 10 with pneumonia of uncertain aetiology who seroconverted to ALLO offer evidence that ALLO may be a cause of community-acquired pneumonia. Like L. pneumophila, ALLO appear to be water-associated; both persons with culture-verified ALLO infection were exposed to fresh water or its contents before becoming ill, and two strains of ALLO were isolated from water or wet environments.
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PMID:Atypical Legionella-like organisms: fastidious water-associated bacteria pathogenic for man. 9 Oct 24

Antisera and fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugates prepared for five strains of the Legionnaires bacteria were tested in both homologous and heterologous staining reactions with 10 isolates of the organism from patients in seven geographic areas. The strains were related but not identical as judged by the results of direct immunofluorescence staining. The conjugates were successfully used to detect Legionnaires disease bacteria in Formalin-fixed lung scrapings, in histological sections, and in fresh lung tissue obtained at biopsy or autopsy. In addition, the labeled antibodies are valuable for staining suspected cultures of the bacterium and for searching for the source of these organisms in soil, water, and other environmental niches. The reagents are highly specific for detecting the Legionnaires organism in clinical specimens.
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PMID:Detection of Legionnaires disease bacteria by direct immunofluorescent staining. 35 94

We analyzed 24 environmental samples collected in or near the Indiana Memorial Union, where an epidemic of Legionnaires' disease occurred in early 1978. We conducted fluorescent antibody analyses and culture on F-G and charcoal yeast extract agars of each sample directly; splenic tissue of guinea pigs inoculated with the sample; and yolk sacs from embryonated eggs inoculated with splenic tissue of guinea pigs injected with the sample. Legionnaires' disease (LD) bacterium was isolated from seven of the 24 samples: one water sample from the air-conditioner cooling tower of the Union; three water samples from a stream near the Union; and three mud samples from the same stream. The LD bacterium strains were of three different serotypes. These findings indicate that LD bacteria may be widespread in nature.
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PMID:Isolation of the Legionnaires' disease bacterium from environmental samples. 37 49

Continuous centrifugation of large volumes of water from natural southeastern lakes allowed quantitative detection of Legionella pneumophila by direct immunofluorescent staining. Positive samples were injected intraperitoneally into guinea pigs, and the L. pneumophila were isolated and identified by their morphological, cultural, physiological, and serological characteristics.
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PMID:Isolation of Legionella pneumophila from nonepidemic-related aquatic habitats. 38 10

Thirty-nine cases of Legionnaires' disease in a 16-month period were identified in visitors to and residents of Bloomington, Indiana. Thirty-five patients had spent at least one night at the Indiana Memorial Union in the 2 weeks before becoming ill. Five of 32 sporadic cases nationwide between 1 January and 31 March 1978 were retrospectively shown to be in persons who had recently visited the Union. The risk of acquiring Legionnaires' disease as a Union visitor was at least 17 times greater than that for Bloomington residents 20 years or older. Employees who had worked at the Union 5 years or longer were more likely to be seropositive than workers in other Bloomington hotels. Legionnaires' disease bacterium was isolated from five environmental sites in Bloomington. A cooling tower may have been involved in disease spread, but it was not the only source. Hypochlorite solution was added to cooling tower water as a precautionary measure; however, one case was confirmed in a man with Union exposure 9 days after hypochlorite treatment had begun.
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PMID:A major focus of Legionnaires' disease in Bloomington, Indiana. 43 40

By 31 October 1978 there had been four confirmed instances where the Legionnaires' disease bacterium had been isolated from water samples taken from cooling towers or evaporative condensers located near the site of an epidemic of Legionnaires' disease. These devices are widely used to reject unwanted heat into the atmosphere and vary greatly in size and configuration. However, the operation of all towers and condensers depends on intimate contact between the circulating water and ambient air. Airborne contaminants in the vicinity of these devices are likely to be absorbed to some degree by the circulating water. The airstream leaving a cooling tower is saturated with water vapor and may also contain a relatively minute portion of the circulating water in the form of fine droplets known as drift. It is common practice to bleed a small portion of the circulating water, including all contaminants, from the tower into a storm sewer, sanitary sewer, or even a nearby body of water.
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PMID:Cooling towers and evaporative condensers. 43 54

Pontiac fever affected ten men who had cleaned a steam turbine condenser with compressed air. Previous epidemics of Pontiac fever and Legionnaires' disease--both caused by Legionella Pneumophila (proposed sp. nov.)--involved "airborne spread" from air-conditioning cooling towers or evaporative condensers. Aerosols of contaminated water in heat-rejection systems appear to be important sources of epidemic legionellosis.
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PMID:Nonpneumonic, short-incubation-period Legionellosis (Pontiac fever) in men who cleaned a steam turbine condenser. 46 75

Distilled water suspensions of Legionella pneumophila were found to be sensitive to low doses of germicidal ultraviolet radiation.
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PMID:Susceptibility of Legionella pneumophila to ultraviolet radiation. 51 88

In July 1968, an explosive epidemic of acute febrile illness occurred at a county health department facility in Pontiac, Michigan. Illness characterized principally by fever, headache, myalgia, and malaise affected at least 144 persons, including 95 of 100 persons employed in the health department building. The mean incubation period was approximately 36 hours. Illness was self-limited, generally lasting from two to five days. Secondary cases did not occur in family contacts and second attacks did not consistently follow re-exposure in the building. A defective air-conditioning system was implicated as the source and mechanism of spread of the causative factor. However, extensive laboratory and environmental investigations failed to identify the etiologic agent. Since these investigations a bacterium similar to or identical with the agent responsible for Legionnaires' Disease has been isolated from guinea pigs exposed to the Pontiac health department building in 1968 as well as from guinea pigs exposed to water from the evaporative condenser. Paired sera from 32 cases of Pontiac Fever showed seroconversion or diagnostic rises in antibody titers to this bacterium.
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PMID:Pontiac fever. An epidemic of unknown etiology in a health department: I. Clinical and epidemiologic aspects. 62 97

Air humidifiers using cold water and cooling towers of air-conditioning systems provide the best settings for the growth of bacteria. Hence, we investigated 90 water samples for humidifiers and 15 water samples from cooling towers of hospitals, authorities, schools, and factories. The colony forming units/ml at 20 degrees C and 36 degrees C, the biological activity of added biocidal substances, and the occurrence of legionella were determined. About 90 percent of the samples showed no activity of the biocidal substance added, suggesting the uselessness of such substances. Furthermore, they exercised neither an influence on the CFU of the water samples nor on the occurrence of legionella. Legionella were isolated in 7 per cent of the humidifiers investigated, in 3 per cent of air conditioned buildings, respectively. 13 per cent of the cooling towers contained legionella. The risk of infection by air conditioning systems, humidifiers, cooling towers, and other emitters of infections agents should be controlled by the public health service.
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PMID:[Legionella and other bacteria in air humidifiers and cooling systems of air conditioning units--a survey]. 128 57


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