Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023241 (Legionella)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The substitution of lead nitrate for uranium nitrate as used in the Steiner silver impregnation method for demonstrating spirochetes in tissue sections is described. The use of lead nitrate provides a chemical substitute free of any potential radiation hazard without loss of staining specificity. The use of lead nitrate in place of uranium nitrate in the Dieterle method for staining Legionnaires' disease organisms is proposed.
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PMID:Modified Steiner method for the demonstration of spirochetes in tissue. 8 28

The acute lesion in Legionnaires' disease pneumonia is an acute fibrinopurulent bronchopneumonia in which the alveoli are filled with many neutrophils and macrophages and abundant fibrin. There is only slight necrosis. Although characteristic, the lesion is not specific for this agent. However, the association with this lesion of myriad small pleomorphic rods, which stain well with Dieterle's silver-impregnation method but poorly or not at all with Gram-type stains, is uncommon except in Legionnaires' disease pneumonia. Final diagnosis requires isolation of the organism or immunofluorescent studies of the tissue, sera or both. The full spectrum of the pneumonia is not known, but organization has been reported once. No definite anatomic correlate for the extrathoracic manifestations of Legionnaires' disease has been identified nor has the organism been found at extrathoracic sites.
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PMID:Pathology of Legionnaires' disease. 8 11

Two cases of Legionnaires' disease were diagnosed by direct isolation of the organism, from pleural fluid obtained before death in one case and lung tissue obtained after death in both cases. The organisms were recovered on a commercially prepared, enriched chocolate agar (Gibco, Madison, Wisconsin). Subcultures grew on commercially prepared, enriched chocolate agar (Baltimore Biological Laboratories, Cockeysville, Maryland) and on in-house enriched chocolate agar prepared with GC Medium Base (Difco, Detroit, Michigan). No growth was obtained on enriched chocolate agar prepared with trypticase soy agar. The organisms were poorly visualized in Gram-stained sections of formalin-fixed lung tissue. In Giemsa-stained sections poorly stained intracellular and extracellular slender rods were seen. However, with a silver impregnation stain, either a modified Dieterle or a modified Warthin-Starry procedure, many large, blunt-ended rods were seen. Smears prepared from minced formalin-fixed lung tissue and stained with a fluorescent antibody conjugate contained large numbers of well-stained organisms.
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PMID:Direct in-vitro isolation of the Legionnaires' disease bacterium in two fatal cases. Cultural and staining characteristics. 8 16

A simple, relatively rapid silver impregnation stain has been found to stain Legionella pneumophila effectively in paraffin-embedded tissue sections while permitting visualization of histological detail. It may also be used to stain the organism in body fluids. The stain is not specific and thus must be confirmed by direct fluorescent-antibody technique or culture, but, in the absence of other bacilli demonstrable by Gram or other stain, visualization of typical bacillary forms in a patient with illness compatible with Legionnaires disease provides strong presumptive evidence supporting this diagnosis.
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PMID:Rapid presumptive bacteriological diagnosis of Legionnaires disease. 9 20

Human lung tissue containing the Legionnaires disease bacterium was fixed in seven different histological fixatives, processed, and embedded in paraffin. Deparaffined sections from each were stained by fluorescent antibody and by Dieterle silver impregnation. With the fluorescent antibody stain, the Legionnaires disease bacterium could be detected in tissues prepared with any of the fixatures, but the Dieterle silver impregnation was not satisfactory on Zenker-fixed tissues.
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PMID:Effect of various histological fixatives on fluorescent antibody detection of Legionnaires disease bacteria. 9 21

Since Legionnaires' disease was diagnosed in Spain for the first time, we have considered it of interest to review the subject and to bring it up to date as much as possible. Legionnaires' disease is an infectious illness which principally affects people in the fifth decade of life and which has been diagnosed in different countries in the world, including Spain. The etiologic agent is a Gram-negative bacteria, which does not grow in the normal culture media and which requires special stains for its identification. Clinically the disease presents as an atypical pneumonia accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms and hyponatremia as a characteristic laboratory finding. It appears with greater frequency during the summer season in an epidemic form, although isolated cases have been reported during the entire year. It is potentially a very severe condition, and the mortality rate has been calculated at 15--20 percent. A definite diagnosis requires the isolation of the etiologic agent: directly, by stain (direct immunofluorescence, Dieterle's silver stain), isolation and culture in an enriched media (Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with Iso-Vitalex and hemoglobin), or indirectly by serologic methods (indirect immunofluorescence). Eryhtromycin is the antibiotic of choice with or without the association of another antibiotic of wider spectrum.
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PMID:[Legionnaires' disease (author's transl)]. 38 8

Patients with acute Legionnaires' disease (LD) pneumonia may have persistent chronic pulmonary changes, as shown by the histologic appearance of specimens of lung from patients who had survived and autopsy specimens from patients who died after a protracted clinical course. Acute pneumonia was not seen in these lungs, and LD organisms could not be identified by the direct fluorescent antibody technique or the Dieterle silver impregnation strain; instead, there was organizing pneumonia with various degrees of interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. The LD pneumonia may fail to resolve, and the lung parenchyma in areas of previous acute inflammation is not restored to normal in some patients.
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PMID:Pulmonary sequelae of acute Legionnaires' disease pneumonia. 43 33

Autopsy tissues and protocols from 26 epidemiologically defined fatal cases of Legionnaires' disease occurring during the 1976 Philadelphia outbreak were reviewed. Consistent pathologic features were limited to the lung, where an acute pneumonia characterized by intra-alveolar exudation of neutrophils, macrophages, and fibrin was observed. An etiologic agent common to most of the victims of Legionnaires' disease was identified within the pneumonic process by application of the Dieterle silver impregnation stain. In some cases, other pulmonary histologic findings were noted, chiefly acute diffuse alveolar damage. However, the importance of acute diffuse alveolar damage is not understood.
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PMID:Legionnaires' disease. Pathological and historical aspects of a 'new' disease. 58 Aug 65

The pathology and histology are reported of five Scots who died of severe pneumonic illnesses after holidays in Spain, three in 1973 and two in 1977. There is strong evidence in favour of all the deaths having been due to the newly discovered Legionnaires' disease (LD) agent. The agent (or its soluble antigen) has been visualised in sections of lung tissue by fluorescent-antibody tests in all cases, and the agent has been identified by the Dieterle silver staining method in small numbers in all cases. Serological testing was possible in three of the patients, and two had very high antibody titres against the LD agent. Apart from the extensive and severe nature of the pathological process there is no feature to distinguish pulmonary infection by this agent from that due to more commonly known bacteria capable of causing lobar pneumonia. The severity and extensive nature of the process is partly a reflection of neglect in seeking treatment until late in the infection, and partly a reflection, as revealed in retrospect, on the use of the wrong antibiotic combination during treatment. Erythromycin has been recommended by other workers as the drug of choice against the LD agent. Infection by this organism is not confined to the USA or to Spain and is indigenous also in the United Kingdom.
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PMID:Pathology of five Scottish deaths from pneumonic illnesses acquired in Spain due to Legionnaires' disease agent. 71 9

Whole cell DNA of Legionella pneumophila isolates was examined by small-fragment restriction endonuclease analysis (SF-REA). Fourteen serogroup 1 isolates from tap water in one hospital collected before and after eradication measures had been taken were compared with control strains of serogroup 1 and other serogroups that were not epidemiologically linked. DNA was digested with EcoRI and electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gels. The gel patterns were made visible by silver staining and analysed by direct visual comparison. All 15 epidemiologically unrelated strains of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 and of other serogroups exhibited different restriction fragment patterns. The isolates from the hospital could be clearly subdivided into two groups by SF-REA, suggesting that the hot water supply of the hospital was contaminated with two different strains. SF-REA performed on Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 DNA enabled further subtyping of these organisms and thus appears to be a useful technique for investigating their epidemiology.
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PMID:Subtyping of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 isolates by small-fragment restriction endonuclease analysis. 174 16


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