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Query: UMLS:C0023241 (Legionella)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Certain types and causes of pneumonia are unique to the immunocompromised host. The most frequent causes are cytomegalovirus, Pneumocystis carinii, varicella zoster virus, Candida species and Aspergillus species. Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia has recently been recognized in children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. With the exception of varicella-zoster pneumonitis, an invasive procedure, such as open lung biopsy, is required to establish a definitive diagnosis. Infrequent causes of pneumonitis in immunocompromised children include Toxoplasma gondii; Cryptosporidium; Herpes simplex; adenovirus, gram-negative bacillary infections (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Legionella pneumophilia); Nocardia spp; zygomycetes, and Cryptococcus neoformans. The discovery of any of the aforementioned pneumonias suggests the patient may have a serious underlying immunodeficiency.
Semin Respir Infect 1987 Sep
PMID:Pneumonia in the immunocompromised child. 282 16

DNA of strains of Legionella pneumophila serogroups 1, 3, 4, and 6, isolated from patients and environmental sources, was examined by restriction endonuclease analysis (REA). Major differences in profiles enabled subtyping in many strains with the same serogroup antigen. However, a cluster of L. pneumophila strains, originating from all the examined serogroups, had similar restriction endonuclease profiles, sometimes with minor differences. This suggests that the genetic similarity between strains of L. pneumophila of different serogroups is sometimes closer than in strains with the same serogroup antigen. Seven environmental sources harbored two L. pneumophila strains with various serogroup antigens; six sources had similar restriction endonuclease profiles. The resolution of small differences in profiles is hampered in REA by the great magnitude of DNA fragments; even upon extensive analysis, these differences are not always readily visualized. Double digestions with the restriction enzymes HpaI and HpaII showed the best results and sometimes revealed differences not evident by digestions with a single endonuclease. REA has a great capacity for accurate epidemiological typing of L. pneumophila, in addition to classical serogrouping; it appeared that the results of the two techniques do not necessarily correlate. On the other hand, it should be stressed that small differences in profiles are not easily detected by REA.
J Clin Microbiol 1988 Sep
PMID:Similar DNA restriction endonuclease profiles in strains of Legionella pneumophila from different serogroups. 284 49

Legionellas are present in water distribution systems and cooling towers of many hospitals. No firm data are available regarding the need for prophylactic disinfection of these contaminated systems. Disinfection of water systems and cooling towers is an accepted and effective means of ending nosocomial Legionnaires' disease, but it should be performed in conjunction with good epidemiological and microbiological studies to pinpoint environmental reservoirs and disseminators. Chlorination, pasteurization, or both, are the only means of disinfection found to be effective in disease outbreaks. Prospective surveillance of immuno compromised patients with pneumonia is probably the most effective means to determine if a hospital is a source of Legionnaires' disease and, therefore, requires further investigations and disinfection.
J Hosp Infect 1986 Sep
PMID:Control of Legionella in hospitals. 287 26

Serospecific antigens isolated by EDTA extraction from four serogroups of Legionella pneumophila were analyzed for their chemical composition, molecular heterogeneity by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and immunological properties. The antigens were shown to be lipopolysaccharides and to differ from the lipopolysaccharides of other gram-negative bacteria. The serospecific antigens contained rhamnose, mannose, glucosamine, and two unidentified sugars together with 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate, phosphate, and fatty acids. The fatty acid composition was predominantly branched-chain acids with smaller amounts of 3-hydroxymyristic acid. The antigens contain periodate-sensitive groups; mannosyl residues were completely cleaved by periodate oxidation. Hydrolysis of the total lipopolysaccharide by acetic acid resulted in the separation of a lipid A-like material that cross-reacted with the antiserum to lipid A from Salmonella minnesota but did not comigrate with it on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels. None of the four antigens contained heptose. All of the antigen preparations showed endotoxicity when tested by the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay. The results of this study indicate that the serogroup-specific antigens of L. pneumophila are lipopolysaccharides containing an unusual lipid A and core structure and different from those of other gram-negative bacteria.
J Bacteriol 1986 Sep
PMID:Serospecific antigens of Legionella pneumophila. 301 18

The growth in liquid media of Legionella pneumophila serogroups 1-6 was monitored turbidimetrically and factors affecting growth rate were studied. The presence of inhibitors, use of detoxifying agents and the method of broth preparation each had significant effects on cultivation. Cysteine was essential for growth; the optimal concentration was 100 micrograms/ml, but supplemental iron had no demonstrable effect.
J Med Microbiol 1986 Sep
PMID:Factors affecting growth of Legionella pneumophila in liquid media. 301 52

A 57-year-old man had Legionella pneumonia and acute pancreatitis. The diagnosis of legionellosis was established by both culture and significant rise in antibody titer to Legionella pneumophila. The pancreatitis was diagnosed by elevated amylase and lipase values, peaking on the fourth hospital day, roentgenologic findings, and a clinical picture compatible with the disease. The patient was not an alcohol consumer and had had no previous pancreatic disease. We conclude that acute pancreatitis can be a manifestation of legionellosis.
South Med J 1988 Sep
PMID:Acute pancreatitis caused by Legionella pneumophila. 304 84

Previous DNA relatedness and enzyme electrophoretic mobility studies indicated heterogeneity among strains of Legionella pneumophila serogroups 1, 4, 5, and Lansing 3 (a new, as yet unnumbered serogroup). In this study 60 L. pneumophila strains were studied by DNA hybridization (hydroxyapatite method) to assess their genomic relatedness. These strains were also studied biochemically and serologically to determine whether they formed one or more phenotypic groups. DNA relatedness studies identified three groups. DNA group 1 contained the type strain Philadelphia 1 and strains from serogroups 1 through 14 of L. pneumophila. The average relatedness of DNA group 1 strains was 88% at 60 degrees C with 1.1% divergence in related sequences and 85% at 75 degrees C. DNA group 2 contained strain Los Angeles 1, the reference strain of serogroup 4, and strains of serogroups 1, 4, 5, and Lansing 3, an unnumbered serogroup. Average relatedness of DNA group 2 strains was 84% at 60 degrees C with 0.7% divergence and 87% at 75 degrees C. Reciprocal relatedness of DNA groups 1 and 2 was approximately 67% at 60 degrees C with 6.0% divergence and 48% at 75 degrees C. DNA group 3 strains were in serogroup 5. They were 98% related at 60 degrees C with 0.5% divergence and 97% related at 75 degrees C. Reciprocal relatedness of DNA group 3 and DNA group 1 was approximately 74% at 60 degrees C with 5.3% divergence and 43% at 75 degrees C, and reciprocal relatedness of DNA groups 3 and 2 was 66% at 60 degrees C with 5.7% divergence and 55% at 75 degrees C. The DNA groups could not be separated biochemically or serologically or by cell wall fatty acid and isoprenoid quinone composition. Three subspecies of L. pneumophila are proposed to accommodate the three DNA groups: L. pneumophila subsp. pneumophila subsp. nov. for DNA group 1, L. pneumophila subsp. fraseri subsp. nov. for DNA group 2, and pneumophila subsp. pascullei subsp. nov. for DNA group 3.
J Clin Microbiol 1988 Sep
PMID:Legionella pneumophila serogroup Lansing 3 isolated from a patient with fatal pneumonia, and descriptions of L. pneumophila subsp. pneumophila subsp. nov., L. pneumophila subsp. fraseri subsp. nov., and L. pneumophila subsp. pascullei subsp. nov. 305 73

A 38 year old woman with diabetes mellitus and bronchial asthma was admitted to hospital with pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae; she recovered promptly on erythromycin treatment. Six weeks later she presented with aortic valve endocarditis without concurrent lung disease. A concurrent increase in titres of antibody to Legionella bozemanii, L longbeachae, and L jordanis indicated a Legionella infection. Legionella infection should be considered, even in the absence of pneumonia, in cases of endocarditis where no other cause can be detected.
Br Heart J 1987 Sep
PMID:Aortic valve endocarditis associated with Legionella infection after Mycoplasma pneumonia. 311 81

The antibacterial activity of fleroxacin (Ro 23-6240, AM-833), a new 6-fluoroquinolone, was determined against 149 strains of enteropathogenic bacteria (17 species) and 191 strains (28 species) of glucose non-fermentative Gram-negative rods (excluding Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and against 15 strains of Legionella pneumophila. The cumulative susceptibility of these groups of bacteria to Ro 23-6240 at the 2 mg/l level were 99.2%, 80.1 and 100% of tested strains, respectively.
J Antimicrob Chemother 1987 Sep
PMID:Fleroxacin (Ro 23-6240): activity in vitro against 355 enteropathogenic and non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli and Legionella pneumophila. 311 53

Ofloxacin was evaluated as an antibiotic for possible use in the therapy of Legionnaires' disease in relation to its ability to penetrate alveolar phagocytes and inhibit Legionella pneumophila intracellular replication. A comparison with two other antibiotics used in the treatment of Legionnaires' disease, ciprofloxacin and erythromycin, was also made. Ofloxacin was found to be the most effective antibiotic, eliminating viable L. pneumophila from alveolar phagocytes at 0.001 mg/l. This was followed by ciprofloxacin, eliminating intracellular organisms at 0.01 mg/l. Erythromycin was shown to be much less effective, requiring a much higher concentration, of 0.1 mg/l. All three antibiotics had approximately similar MIC values and the considerable differences in intracellular penetration shown by these antibiotics indicate how discrepancies between in-vitro and in-vivo estimates of efficacy can occur.
J Antimicrob Chemother 1988 Sep
PMID:The effect of ofloxacin on the intracellular growth of Legionella pneumophila in guinea pig alveolar phagocytes. 318 62


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