Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023241 (Legionella)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The linear polymerase chain reaction was used to sequence amplified RNA genes from strains of Bacillus, Thermus and Legionella. The technique described is simple and reproducible and it works well with double standard product which has been PEG precipitated directly from PCR reactions.
Lett Appl Microbiol 1991 Sep
PMID:The linear PCR reaction: a simple and robust method for sequencing amplified rRNA genes. 137 53

FK-506-binding proteins (FKBPs), which in T cells are supposed to mediate the immunosuppressive effects of the compounds FK-506 and rapamycin, have been isolated from Streptomyces chrysomallus, S. hygroscopicus subsp. ascomyceticus, and S. hygroscopicus. The latter two strains are producers of ascomycin (the ethyl analog of FK-506) and rapamycin, respectively. Like the 12-kDa FKBP in eukaryotic organisms such as humans, bovines, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or the FKBPs from gram-positive streptomycetes are peptidyl-prolyl-cis-trans isomerases. Inhibition studies using FK-506, rapamycin, or ascomycin, revealed inhibition of the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity of the proteins at the nanomolar level, which is in the same range as with eukaryotic FKBPs. The M(r)s of the various FKBPs were 13,500 to 15,000, and they had the same pI of approximately 4.5. The N-terminal sequences of the three FKBPs were nearly identical in the first 20 amino acids. The amino acid sequence deduced from the gene sequence of S. chrysomallus gave a polypeptide of 124 amino acids. The homologies to FKBPs from humans, S. cerevisiae, and Neurospora crassa were 38, 39, and 50% identity in relevant positions, respectively. Significant homology of 38% was also seen with the C-terminal halves of bacterial protein surface antigens like the Mip protein of Legionella pneumophila and the 27-kDa Mip-like protein of Chlamydia trachomatis. In addition, two more open reading frames in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Neisseria meningitidis of unknown function show regions of homology to the S. chrysomallus FKBP. In contrast to fungi, streptomycetes are resistant to macrolactones. Ascomycin-producing S. hygroscopicus subsp. ascomyceticus excretes the compound almost quantitatively into medium, which indicates that the organism has an efficient self-protection mechanism against its own secondary metabolite.
J Bacteriol 1992 Sep
PMID:FK-506-binding proteins from streptomycetes producing immunosuppressive macrolactones of the FK-506 type. 138 10

A 16S rRNA gene of the obligate intracellular bacterial parasite Sarcobium lyticum was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction in combination with site-specific primers. The amplified DNA was cloned, sequenced and compared with other bacterial 16S rRNA sequences. The analysis revealed that S. lyticum belongs to the gamma subclass of the Proteobacteria and shows the closest relationship to an intracellular Legionella species recovered by amoebal enrichment from the sputum of a patient with pneumonia. S. lyticum could be detected in situ with a fluorescent oligonucleotide probe by whole cell hybridization.
FEMS Microbiol Lett 1992 Sep 15
PMID:The phylogenetic status of Sarcobium lyticum, an obligate intracellular bacterial parasite of small amoebae. 138 81

A Legionella-like organism, strain 1677-MI-H, was isolated from the bronchoscopy washings of a patient with pneumonia who had a 2-year history of progressive, chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The growth characteristics, cellular fatty acids, and ubiquinone content of the isolate were consistent with those for Legionella spp. The isolate was serologically distinct in the slide agglutination test with absorbed antisera. DNA hybridization studies showed that strain 1677-MI-H (ATCC 49751) represents a new Legionella species which is named Legionella lansingensis.
J Clin Microbiol 1992 Sep
PMID:Legionella lansingensis sp. nov. isolated from a patient with pneumonia and underlying chronic lymphocytic leukemia. 140 Oct 5

A 27 kDa Chlamydia trachomatis Mip-like protein with homology of a 175-amino-acid C-terminal fragment to the surface-exposed Legionella pneumophila mip-gene product has previously been described. In this paper the entire chlamydia Mip-like sequence of C. trachomatis serovar L2 (lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) biovar) is presented. The sequence shows high similarity to the legionella Mip protein and its C-terminal region, like that of the legionella Mip, has high amino acid similarity to eukaryotic and prokaryotic FK506-binding proteins. The chlamydial mip-like gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in other C. trachomatis serovars and by sequencing of the mip-like genes of serovars B and E (trachoma biovar) was shown to be highly conserved within the two major biovars of C. trachomatis. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies raised against the recombinant Mip-like protein failed to demonstrate surface-exposed epitopes on infectious elementary bodies or reproductive reticulate body forms either by immunofluorescence or immuno-gold electron microscopy. However, a complement-dependent inhibition of up to 91% of infectivity for cell cultures was observed with antibodies to the N-terminal fragment of the Mip-like protein suggesting that antibody-accessible epitopes are present on infectious EBs.
Mol Microbiol 1992 Sep
PMID:Chlamydia trachomatis Mip-like protein. 140 89

In October 1990 pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila was diagnosed in two employees working in the area of Apulia, southern Italy, where artesian wells were in construction. Although the exposure to excavation has been associated with Legionnaires' disease, in our investigation the illness occurred only in those employees who were present when the water emerged from the ground under high pressure. On the basis of this report, water appears as the most likely reservoir of the organism and the main route of infection.
Eur J Epidemiol 1992 Sep
PMID:Legionellosis associated with artesian well excavation. 142 78

The activity in vitro of clarithromycin, a new macrolide, was compared to that of various antibiotics in tests using 3,880 clinical isolates. Clarithromycin was two times more active than erythromycin against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, streptococci of groups C, G and F, Brucella melitensis, Legionella pneumophila and Mycoplasma spp., 16 times more active against Ureaplasma urealyticum and 2 to 4 times less active against Campylobacter spp. In general, clarithromycin showed intrinsic activity 2 to 4 times higher than that of roxithromycin and 4 to 8 times higher than that of miocamycin. Cross-resistance was found between the macrolides. Clarithromycin was bactericidal against Streptococcus spp. and Haemophilus influenzae.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1992 Sep
PMID:Comparative in vitro activity of clarithromycin. Spanish Collaborative Group. 146 30

Macrophage-Trypanosoma cruzi interactions were studied by using a newly generated macrophage hybridoma cell line (2C11-12) that was selected for its capacity to produce high levels of reactive oxygen intermediates. This cell line was found to be a suitable host cell for T. cruzi, and intracellular parasitic development could be inhibited by activation with gamma interferon. When exposed to opsonized Trypanosoma brucei, Micrococcus lysodeikticus, or Legionella pneumophila, the activated macrophage cell line produces a high chemiluminescent signal, indicating the release of reactive oxygen intermediates. Alternatively, when opsonized T. cruzi was added to these activated macrophages, this parasite failed to stimulate a chemiluminescent response, suggesting an impairment in the triggering of the respiratory burst.
Infect Immun 1991 Sep
PMID:Trypanosoma cruzi but not Trypanosoma brucei fails to induce a chemiluminescent signal in a macrophage hybridoma cell line. 165 63

Azithromycin contains an aza-methyl substitution in the 15-membered aglycone ring and as such it is the prototype antibiotic of the azalide class, similar in mechanism of activity to the macrolides. It demonstrates a broad spectrum of activity against many aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive species, and also inhibits a number of important aerobic and anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria. Significantly, azithromycin shows good activity against Haemophilus influenzae, an organism against which older macrolide antibiotics have proved disappointing. It is highly effective in inhibiting clinically significant intracellular pathogens such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Legionella. Bactericidal activity is seen for certain streptococci and for H. influenzae. Closely linked with azithromycin's microbiologic activity are its novel pharmacokinetics. Azithromycin moves rapidly from blood to tissue compartments where it remains for prolonged periods. Although serum concentrations remain low, the levels attained in the tissues (often greater than 2 mg/kg) are higher than the minimum inhibitory concentration for many common pathogens, and delivery of drug to infection sites by phagocytic cells contributes to these concentrations. This penetration into eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells may be responsible for azithromycin's expanded spectrum of activity, particularly against intracellular organisms. The use of antibiotic blood levels as breakpoints for susceptibility would appear to be inappropriate in the case of azalides. Rather, levels of drug at the tissue site of infection should be considered as guides to predicting efficacy. The in vitro activity of azithromycin, together with its unique tissue pharmacodynamics, define an agent that should demonstrate utility in infections of the respiratory tract, skin and skin structures, and certain sexually transmitted diseases.
Am J Med 1991 Sep 12
PMID:Clinical microbiology of azithromycin. 165 36

Clarithromycin is a macrolide with in-vitro activity against the organisms usually responsible for community-acquired pneumonia and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Three double-blind controlled studies each in pneumonia and chronic bronchitis are reviewed. In pneumonia clarithromycin is as effective as erythromycin and in acute-on-chronic bronchitis is as effective as ampicillin. In an open study of 46 patients with pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila, resolution occurred in 93% with no deaths. The incidence of adverse events was 20% in 3437 patients. These were rarely severe. Clarithromycin is better tolerated than erythromycin and its twice daily dosage is likely to lead to better patient compliance.
J Hosp Infect 1991 Sep
PMID:Clarithromycin in the treatment of community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. 168 79


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