Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023241 (Legionella)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gatifloxacin, a new advanced-generation, 8-methoxy fluoroquinolone, has shown efficacy against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. In this study, the in vitro activity of gatifloxacin was compared with that of ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, and rifampin against 214 Legionella spp. Species tested in order of frequency were: L. pneumophila serogroups 1 to 9 (181 strains); L. dumoffii (10 strains); L. micdadei (9 strains); L. longbeachae (7 strains); and other Legionella spp. (7 strains). MICs were determined by a standard dilution procedure using buffered yeast extract agar. Gatifloxacin and rifampin were the most active agents against all strains of Legionella tested. Moreover, against L. pneumophila strains tested, gatifloxacin was found to be more active (highest MIC90 = 0.03 mg/L) than ciprofloxacin (highest MIC90 = 0.06 mg/L) and clarithromycin (highest MIC90 = 0.12 mg/L). L. pneumophila serogroups 1 to 4 and 6 to 9 (MIC90 = 0.016 mg/L) were more susceptible to gatifloxacinthan L. pneumophila serogroup 5 (MIC90 = 0.03 mg/L). The activity of gatifloxacin against L. micdadei was equal to that of ciprofloxacin (MIC90 = 0.016 mg/L) and greater than that of erythromycin (MIC90 = 1.0 mg/L). The activity of gatifloxacin against L. dumoffii and L. longbeachae was equal to that of ciprofloxacin (MIC90 = 0.03 mg/L). The activity of gatifloxacin was similar against isolates obtained from both patients and environmental sources.
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PMID:In vitro activity of gatifloxacin, compared with ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, and rifampin, against Legionella species. 1021 53

The in vitro antibacterial spectrum of gatifloxacin was compared with those of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. Gatifloxacin was two- to four-fold more potent than comparator quinolones against staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci and enterococci (gatifloxacin MIC90s, < or =1 mg/L, except 4 mg/L against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium). Gatifloxacin was two-fold less potent than ciprofloxacin, and the same as or two-fold more potent than ofloxacin against Enterobacteriaceae (MIC90s, 0.06-0.5 mg/L against most members of the Enterobacteriaceae and < or =1 mg/L against Proteus/Morganella spp.). Relative to the comparator quinolones, gatifloxacin was two- to four-fold more potent against Providencia spp., and had good potency against Acinetobacter spp. (MIC90s, 0.25-1 mg/L). Gatifloxacin and ofloxacin had similar anti-pseudomonal potency, with corresponding MIC90s of 4, 8 and 0.25 mg/L for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas stutzeri, while ciprofloxacin had two- to eight-fold more potency. The three quinolones were equipotent against Burkholderia cepacia (MIC90s, 8 mg/L), but gatifloxacin was two-fold more potent against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (MIC90, 4 mg/L). Gatifloxacin was highly potent (MIC90s, 0.03-0.06 mg/L) against Haemophilus influenzae, Legionella spp., Helicobacter pylori and had at least eight-fold better anti-chlamydial and anti-mycoplasma potency (gatifloxacin MIC90s, 0.13 mg/L). The higher quinolone MICs for ureaplasma (MIC90s, 4-8 mg/L) may be due to the acidic pH of the ureaplasma test medium, which antagonizes quinolones. Like other quinolones, gatifloxacin had poor potency against Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, though it was eight- to 16-fold more potent against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MIC90, 0.25 mg/L). Of the three quinolones, only gatifloxacin had activity against Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridium difficile. In summary, gatifloxacin is a broad-spectrum 8-methoxy fluoroquinolone that is more potent than ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin against Gram-positive bacteria, chlamydia, mycoplasma, mycobacteria and anaerobes.
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PMID:In vitro antibacterial spectrum of a new broad-spectrum 8-methoxy fluoroquinolone, gatifloxacin. 1074 19

Gatifloxacin is a new 8-methoxy-fluoroquinoline antimicrobial agent. It has enhanced activity against Gram-positive and atypical agents, while retaining broad-spectrum antiGram-negative activity. For example, the MIC(90) values for respiratory tract pathogens are < or = 0.5 microg/ml for organisms such as Streptococcus pneumoniae (regardless of penicillin susceptibility), Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase positive or negative), Moraxella catarrhalis (beta-lactamase positive or negative), Legionella species, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, beta-haemolytic Streptococci (macrolide sensitive or resistant), Neisseria species, most Enterobacteriaceae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Pasteurella species, Vibrio species and Yersinia enterocolitica. For methicillin-resistant S. aureus, ciprofloxacin-resistant S. aureus, Citrobacter freundii, Providencia species, Serratia species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli, the MIC(90) are elevated. Gatifloxacin is bactericidal and exhibits a post-antibiotic effect against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. The standard dose is 400 mg once daily and is available in both oral and iv. formulation. Gatifloxacin appears to have a low propensity for the selection of resistant mutants. Clinical trial data supports the use of gatifloxacin for treatment of patients with respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin and soft tissue infections. The side effect profile for gatifloxacin is similar to that with other agents.
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PMID:Gatifloxacin: a new fluoroquinolone. 1106 Jul 84

BMS284756, a novel des-fluoro (6) quinolone (formerly T-3811), was tested for activity and spectrum using reference agar dilution (AD) and Etest (AB BIODISK, Solna, Sweden) methods. The antimicrobial activities of BMS284756, ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, and trovafloxacin were evaluated against Campylobacter jejuni (38 strains), Helicobacter pylori (21 strains), Legionella spp. (66 strains), and 197 anaerobic isolates. BMS284756 (MIC(90), 0.008 microg/mL) was four-fold more active than gatifloxacin and trovafloxacin against H. pylori strains. Gatifloxacin and BMS284756 (MIC(50), 0.03 microg/mL) were > or = two-fold more active than levofloxacin against C. jejuni, but their spectrums were judged equivalent overall (89.4% susceptible). Against the Legionella spp., ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin (MIC(90), 0.25 microg/mL) had two-fold greater activity compared to gatifloxacin or BMS284756, but all strains were considered inhibited at clinically achievable levels. BMS284756 and trovafloxacin (MIC(90), 2 and 4 microg/mL, respectively) were four-to-eight-fold more potent than other comparators against the Gram-negative anaerobic species. Against the Gram-positive anaerobes (dominated by Clostridium difficile; 61 strains), BMS284756 activity was generally reduced, but equivalent or superior to trovafloxacin (68% inhibited at < or = 4 microg/mL). Inter-method comparisons (Etest versus AD) of BMS284756 MIC values showed a high correlation for C. jejuni and anaerobes (93.3 to 97.6% +/- two log (2) dilution steps). In conclusion, BMS284756 was very active against C. jejuni, H. pylori, Legionella spp. and most anaerobes, thus the potential role of this des-fluoro compound for treatment of infections caused by these fastidious species warrants further investigation.
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PMID:Activity of BMS284756 (T-3811) tested against anaerobic bacteria, Campylobacter jejuni, Helicobacter pylori and Legionella spp. 1144 63

Grepafloxacin potency and spectrum of activity were re-evaluated against contemporary pathogens collected from clinical infections in 2001-2002. A total of 995 isolates were tested for grepafloxacin by the reference agar dilution method and these results were compared to those of 25 other antimicrobial agents. Grepafloxacin activity remained comparable to that of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and gatifloxacin against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae (MIC(90), 0.03-2 microg/ml; 0.0-7.7% resistance rates). For Pseudomonas aeruginosa, grepafloxacin was active against ciprofloxacin-susceptible (MIC(90), 2 microg/ml), but not against ciprofloxacin-resistant (MIC(90), >8 microg/ml) isolates. Against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, grepafloxacin susceptibility rate was 91.4%, equal to that of levofloxacin. None of the fluoroquinolones showed reasonable activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococci. Gatifloxacin and grepafloxacin had the same MIC(90) against beta-hemolytic streptococci (0.25 microg/ml) and penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae (0.25 microg/ml). Grepafloxacin and other fluoroquinolone activities were not influenced by penicillin resistance in S. pneumoniae. Grepafloxacin was very active against Haemophilus influenzae (MIC(90), 0.03 microg/ml), Moraxella catarrhalis (MIC(90), 0.03 microg/ml) and Legionella spp. (MIC(90), 0.5 microg/ml). These results on recently isolated organisms indicate that grepafloxacin has a sustained potency and spectrum against most clinically important and indicated pathogens.
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PMID:Contemporary re-evaluation of the activity and spectrum of grepafloxacin tested against isolates in the United States. 1296 54