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Query: UMLS:C0023241 (Legionella)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A serological investigation has suggested that Legionella pneumophila may be associated with sore throat in adults. In a study of 177 adults and children with acute pharyngitis, Legionella species were not isolated from pharyngeal cultures, which utilized selective and nonselective buffered charcoal-yeast extract media. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci were isolated from 14 percent of the 177 symptomatic patients. Throat cultures from 88 asymptomatic control subjects were negative for Legionella and beta-hemolytic streptococci. Further studies are needed to determine if Legionella species are associated with acute pharyngitis.
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PMID:Prevalence of Legionella in pharyngeal secretions of patients with pharyngitis. 304 28

Legionella pneumophila is the cause of Legionnaires' disease, and Pontiac fever, an influenza-like condition without pneumonia. We present a case of Pontiac fever after exposure to a hot tub contaminated with L pneumophila. A 37 y/o wf presented to the office with acute onset of sore throat, fever, headache, and myalgia. Patient was hospitalized 3 days later because of worsening shortness of air. Chest x-ray was normal. Patient was treated with 2 days of IV erythromycin and was discharged home on oral erythromycin. Her Legionella IFA was 1:16,384. Two days later, she developed chest tightness, pleuritic chest pain, and increasing shortness of air but did not have any cough or sputum production. She was re-hospitalized with a diagnosis of Pontiac fever and treated with IV erythromycin plus oral rifampin. A repeat chest x-ray remained normal. After a detailed epidemiologic history was obtained, it was noted that she became ill after using a hot tub, which her two children also used and they themselves developed a self limited illness. Water from the hot tub was positive for L pneumophila by DFA, culture, and PCR. Patient improved gradually with therapy and was discharged home. This report emphasizes the importance of a complete epidemiologic history in the diagnosis of respiratory infections. It also demonstrates that aquatic environment can be contaminated with Legionella and serve as a source of infection.
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PMID:Hot tub legionellosis. 885 93

A prospective study was conducted over a 3-month winter period in three general practice clinics in an urban population in southern Israel to identify the etiological agents of respiratory tract infections (RTI) in adults. RTI was defined as an acute febrile illness with cough, coryza, sore throat or hoarseness. Serum samples were taken from all patients in both the acute and convalescent phases of their illness. Tests were conducted for detection of 17 microorganisms known to cause RTI, including serological tests for 16 known pathogens. An etiological diagnosis was established in 80 (66%) of the 122 patients who participated in the study. The distribution of the etiological agents was as follows: influenza B virus in 27 (22%) patients. Chlamydia pneumoniae in 22 (18%), Legionella spp. in 15 (12%), Mycoplasma pneumoniae in 13 (11%), influenza A virus in 11 (9%), Bordetella pertussis in 9 (7%), adenovirus in 4, Epstein Barr virus in 4, Haemophilus influenzae in 3, beta-hemolytic streptococci in 3, Streptococcus pneumoniae in 2, respiratory syncytial virus in 2, parainfluenza 1 virus in 2 and parainfluenza 2 virus in 1. No patients were found to be infected with Coxiella burnetii, Moraxella catarrhalis or parainfluenza 3 virus. More than one pathogen was identified in 27 (34%) patients in whom an etiological diagnosis was established. It is concluded that RTI is caused by a broad spectrum of etiological agents, a considerable number of patients having evidence of infection with more than one pathogen. The therapeutic significance of these findings should be elucidated in further studies.
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PMID:Etiology of respiratory tract infection in adults in a general practice setting. 986 80

Pontiac fever is a non-pneumonic, epidemic form of legionellosis. The symptoms are similar to flu: fever, tiredness, myalgia, arthralgia, headache, cough, sore throat and nausea. The incubation period is from 30 to 90 hours, approx. 36 h., the attack rate is high: 70-90%. There are no differences in sex and age of ill people, the same number of women and men or children were affected. Unfortunately, ill children symptoms might be differ: higher fever (40 C), lack of leukocytosis with left shift, shorten incubation period. The etiological agents are usually bacteria: Legionella pneumophila sg 1, sg 6 and Legionella micdadei. Diagnosis of Pontiac fever is after finding seroconversion or high titre of antibody to Legionella in serum samples or L. pneumophila antigen in urine sample. Pontiac fever cases are frequently found during epidemiological investigation of legionnaires' disease case. Detection of Pontiae fever might be a marker of contaminated with Legionella environment and a risk of live-threatened pneumonia.
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PMID:[Pontiac fever--non-pneumonic legionellosis]. 1502 35

Common symptoms of upper respiratory infections, such as sore throat, cough, and inflammation, are often caused by bacteria, sometimes as a complication of virus infection. Extracts of Echinacea purpurea (Asteraceae) have been advocated traditionally for use by individuals suffering from these symptoms, although the underlying basis for the beneficial effects of Echinacea is not known. We hypothesized that Echinacea could inactivate certain respiratory bacteria and could also reverse inflammatory effects caused by these bacteria in epithelial cells. In order to test this we used a commercial standardized extract of Echinacea purpurea (Echinaforce), and a novel cytokine array system designed to measure simultaneously the levels of 20 different cytokines secreted by bronchial epithelial cell cultures in response to infection. Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Strep), which is often associated with sore throat and more severe pulmonary infections, was readily inactivated by Echinacea, which also completely reversed the cellular pro-inflammatory response. Hemophilus influenzae and Legionella pneumophila were also readily inactivated, and their pro-inflammatory responses reversed. Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-resistant and sensitive strains) and Mycobacterium smegmatis were less sensitive to the bactericidal effects of Echinacea however, but their pro-inflammatory responses were still completely reversed. In contrast some other pathogens tested, including Candida albicans, were relatively resistant. Thus Echinaforce) exerts a dual action against several important respiratory bacteria, a killing effect and an anti-inflammatory effect. These results support the concept of using a standardized Echinacea preparation to control symptoms associated with bacterial respiratory infections.
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PMID:Bactericidal and anti-inflammatory properties of a standardized Echinacea extract (Echinaforce): dual actions against respiratory bacteria. 2003 23

A 43-year-old previously healthy solicitor presented with a 9-day history of cough productive of yellow sputum with a prodrome of sore throat and myalgia. The cough was paroxysmal in nature and severe enough to cause extensive bilateral subconjunctival haemorrhages and cough syncopes multiple times a day, with one bout of associated haematemesis on the day of admission. He was isolated, treated for a presumed atypical chest infection with tazocin and clarithromycin, and monitored carefully until the hyponatraemia on presentation was resolved. Atypical screen and blood cultures were sent off, though unexciting at first, eventually confirmed the unlikely; Bordetella pertussis, much to the surprise of many who had Legionella as the top differential.
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PMID:Haemorrhage, hyponatraemia and more than just a hack. 2494 39

Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in children under the age of 5 years. Almost 2 million children die from ARTIs each year, and most of them are from developing countries. The prevalence and correlation of pathogens in ARTIs are poorly understood, but are critical for improving case prevention, treatment, and management. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and correlation of infectious agents in children with ARTIs. A total of 39,756 children with one or more symptoms, including fever, cough, sore throat, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, herpangina, pneumonia, and bronchiolitis, were enrolled in the study. All patients were hospitalized in Wuhan Children's Hospital between October 1, 2010 and September 30, 2012, and were evaluated for infectious agents. Pathogens, including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, influenza A virus, influenza B virus, adenoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, Legionella pneumophila, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and Coxiella burnetii, were screened simultaneously in patient blood samples using anti-pathogen IgM tests. Regression analysis was used to reveal correlations among the pathogens. Our results showed that one or more pathogens were identified in 10,206 patients, and that Mycoplasma pneumoniae, adenoviruses, and influenza B virus were the leading infectious agents. Mixed-infections of pathogens were detected in 2,391 cases, with Mycoplasma pneumoniae as the most frequent pathogen. The most common agents in the co-infections were Mycoplasma pneumoniae and influenza B virus. Regression analysis revealed a linear correlation between the proportion of mixed infections and the incidence of multi-pathogen infections. The prevalence of infectious agents in children with ARTIs was determined. Equations were established to estimate multiple infections by single-pathogen detection. This revealed a linear correlation for pathogens in children with ARTIs. This study provides useful information for improving case prevention and management.
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PMID:Prevalence and correlation of infectious agents in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infections in Central China. 2575 2