Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023241 (Legionella)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-two confirmed and 24 highly probable cases of Legionnaires' disease occurred in Vermont between May 1 and Oct 15, 1977. Confirmed cases had positive results for direct fluorescent antibody testing of lung tissue or fourfold rise in antibody titer. Highly probable cases had one elevated titer (greater than or equal to 1:256) and a compatible illness. Forty-eight (86%) had underlying chronic disease, and 22 (39%) were immunocompromised. Prominent early symptoms were fever, cough, chills, and malaise. All but one patient had verified pneumonia. Courses ranged from a pneumonia not requiring hospitalization to respiratory failure necessitating support with mechanical ventilation. Seventeen patients died. Although the clinical presentation was variable, rapid development of high fever and leukocytosis together with negative cultures of lower respiratory tract secretions strongly suggested the diagnosis in an epidemic setting.
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PMID:Legionnaires' disease in Vermont, May to October 1977. 35 Dec 19

In January 1977 an unsolved outbreak of infection at St. Elizabeth's Hospital (Washington, D.C.) that occurred in 1965 was linked with Legionnaires' disease. The link was made by fluorescent antibody testing with the bacterium isolated from tissues of persons with Legionnaires' disease in the 1976 outbreak in Philadelphia. In July and August 1965, an epidemic of severe respiratory disease characterized by abrupt onset of high fever, weakness, malaise, and nonproductive cough, frequently accompanied by radiographic evidence of pneumonia, affected at least 81 patients at St. Elizabeth's Hospital, a general psychiatric hospital. Fourteen (17%) of the affected patients died. Intensive epidemiologic and laboratory investigations in 1965 did not determine the etiology. The etiologic organism may have become airborne from sites of soil excavation.
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PMID:An outbreak in 1965 of severe respiratory illness caused by the Legionnaires' disease bacterium. 36 97

A review of the medical records of 123 persons with Legionnaires' disease hospitalized in the 1976 Philadelphia epidemic showed that the manifestations of infection ranged from mild grippe to a severe pneumonia that also involved other organ systems. Early in the illness, constitutional symptoms predominated. Fever, malaise, myalgia, rigors, confusion, headache, and diarrhea were usually followed by nonproductive cough and dyspnea. Physical examination showed few abnormalities other than rales. Moderate leukocytosis with left shift, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, elevation of serum levels of liver enzymes, and hematuria and proteinuria were characteristic. Chest radiograph showed patchy, often nodular, areas of consolidation. Progression of pneumonia led to respiratory failure and the need for mechanical ventilatory assistance for 19 patients; renal failure, primarily after shock, occurred in 18 persons. Twenty-six patients died. Treatment with erythromycin or tetracycline resulted in the lowest case-fatality ratios, but the associations were not statistically significant.
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PMID:Legionnaires' disease: clinical features of the epidemic in Philadelphia. 43 27

Eight patients with atypical pneumonia caused by the Legionnaires' disease organism were seen during the spring and summer of 1977. Two died of the acute illness. All patients were febrile and presented with symptoms of acute respiratory infection. Other symptoms included malaise, anorexia, chills, myalgia, and headache. Severe hypoxemia was a striking feature. Conventional methods to determine the etiology of these pneumonias were unsuccessful but subsequent serological studies confirmed the diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease. Seven patients were treated with beta-lactam antibiotics alone or with an aminoglycoside and all failed to respond. Six were subsequently treated with erythromycin and five who received this drug for at least 48 hours were markedly improved within this time period. We believe that erythromycin is effective in the treatment of Legionnaires' disease.
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PMID:Case report. Clinical manifestations and treatment of Legionnaires' disease. 46 49

In July 1968, an explosive epidemic of acute febrile illness occurred at a county health department facility in Pontiac, Michigan. Illness characterized principally by fever, headache, myalgia, and malaise affected at least 144 persons, including 95 of 100 persons employed in the health department building. The mean incubation period was approximately 36 hours. Illness was self-limited, generally lasting from two to five days. Secondary cases did not occur in family contacts and second attacks did not consistently follow re-exposure in the building. A defective air-conditioning system was implicated as the source and mechanism of spread of the causative factor. However, extensive laboratory and environmental investigations failed to identify the etiologic agent. Since these investigations a bacterium similar to or identical with the agent responsible for Legionnaires' Disease has been isolated from guinea pigs exposed to the Pontiac health department building in 1968 as well as from guinea pigs exposed to water from the evaporative condenser. Paired sera from 32 cases of Pontiac Fever showed seroconversion or diagnostic rises in antibody titers to this bacterium.
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PMID:Pontiac fever. An epidemic of unknown etiology in a health department: I. Clinical and epidemiologic aspects. 62 97

Twenty-four cases of Legionnaires' disease were diagnosed at the Wadsworth Veterans Administration Hospital during a 5-month period. All cases occurred in persons exposed to the hospital environment during the usual incubation period of Legionnaires' disease. The clinical illness was quite characteristic. All patients complained of weakness, malaise, anorexia, and cough. Rigors, diarrhea, and pleuritic pain were frequent symptoms. All patients had a maximum temperature of greater than or equal to 39.4 degrees C. Thirteen of 22 patients had relative bradycardia. Chest roentgenograms documented pneumonia in all patients. Leukocytosis, hyponatremia, hypophosphatemia, and abnormal liver-function test results were typical. Diagnosis was made by serologic criteria in 20 patients, postmortem examination of tissue in two, and both serology and tissue examination in two. Four patients in whom the disease was not suspected died of Legionnaires' disease. One patient died of unrelated causes. Fifteen of 19 survivors received erythromycin therapy. The presentation of Legionnaires' disease was characteristic enough to allow early, specific therapy.
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PMID:Legionnaires' disease: clinical features of 24 cases. 68 39

A previously healthy 27 year-old male plumber presented with six days of fever, nausea, vomiting, malaise and headache. The subsequent development of cough, dyspnoea and pleuritic pain coincided with the simultaneous development of progressive bilateral cavitary pneumonia with pleural effusion. Leucocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hyponatraemia, hypoalbuminaemia, hypophosphataemia and hypoxaemia were the main laboratory abnormalities. Clinical suspicion of Legionnaires' disease was confirmed by the presence of serum antibody to Legionella pneumophila (titre 1:512) by an indirect fluorescent antibody test. Treatment with erythromycin and rifampicin resulted in clinical recovery with minimal residual bilateral pleural effusion six months after presentation. This patient is the first to acquire Legionnaires' disease in Singapore.
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PMID:Legionnaires' disease--report of Singapore's first local case. 355 84

Between March 1980 and June 1981, five strains of Legionella-like organisms were isolated from water. Four were recovered from potable water collected from hospitals in Chicago, Ill., and Los Angeles, Calif., during outbreaks of nosocomial legionellosis. The fifth strain was isolated from water collected from an industrial cooling tower in Jamestown, N.Y. The strains exhibited biochemical reactions typical of Legionella species and were gram-negative motile rods which grew on buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar but not on blood agar, required cysteine, and were catalase positive, urease negative, nitrate negative, hippurate negative, and nonfermentative. All strains were positive for oxidase and beta-lactamase and produced a brown, diffusible pigment. Of the five strains, four exhibited blue-white autofluorescence under long-wavelength UV light. The fatty-acid composition and ubiquinone content of these strains were consistent with those of other Legionella species. Direct fluorescent-antibody examination of the five strains with conjugates to previously described Legionella species demonstrated no cross-reactions except with the conjugates to L. longbeachae serogroup 2 and L. bozemanii serogroup 2. Four strains gave a 4+ reaction to the L. longbeachae serogroup 2 conjugate and the fifth strain gave a 1+ reaction. Each of the five strains gave a 4+ reaction with the conjugate to L. bozemanii serogroup 2. DNAs from the five strains were highly related (84 to 99%) and showed 5 to 57% relatedness to other Legionella species. These strains constitute a new species in the genus Legionella, and the name Legionella anisa sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of L. anisa is WA-316-C3 (ATCC 35292).
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PMID:Legionella anisa: a new species of Legionella isolated from potable waters and a cooling tower. 398 9

Eight patients with Legionnaires' disease were seen at one hospital in the summer of 1979. They presented in the same 12-day period with an illness of rapid onset characterized by fever, chills, malaise, profuse sweating and neurologic symptoms. Neutrophilia, a high erythrocyte sedimentation rate, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia and abnormal liver enzyme levels in the serum were usually noted. The roentgenographic findings in the lungs ranged from segmental interstitial infiltration to panlobar pneumonia. Seven patients responded to erythromycin treatment, though one died suddenly, presumably of unrelated cardiac disease. The other patient died of a combination of renal and respiratory failure, with pulmonary edema.
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PMID:Eight cases of Legionnaires' disease. 700 76

Isolates of Legionella pneumophila that are serologically different from strains of serogroups 1 through 5 were obtained from lung biopsy tissue or pleural fluid from three renal transplant recipients in Chicago, Ill. These strains were placed in a newly designated L. pneumophila serogroup, serogroup 6, on the basis of fluorescent-antibody staining characteristics. An L. pneumophila strain obtained from Bethesda, Md., one from Houston, Tex., and one from Oxford, England, also belong to this new serogroup. L. pneumophila serogroup 6 appears to be widely distributed geographically.
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PMID:Legionella pneumophila serogroup six: isolation from cases of legionellosis, identification by immunofluorescence staining, and immunological response to infection. 701 73


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