Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023241 (Legionella)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A strain of the Legionnaires disease bacterium (LDB) that was isolated by Joseph E. McDade from a postmortem lung specimen of a patient with fatal atypical pneumonia at the Veterans Administration Hospital in Togus, Maine was serologically different from 16 other strains of LDB that had been isolated previously from patients in other geographic locations. The serological differences of the Togus isolate were shown in results of direct and indirect fluorescent antibody staining and of immunoelectrophoresis with soluble antigen extracts. Seroconversion for the Togus strain of LDB in acute- and convalescent-phase sera from a second patient with atypical pneumonia at the Veterans Administration Hospital in Togus indicated that this patient had been infected with an LDB that was serologically similar or identical to the Togus isolate. The Togus serogroup of LDB should be considered when performing serological tests for Legionnaires disease.
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PMID:Recognition of a new serogroup of Legionnaires disease bacterium. 37 10

Since Legionnaires' disease was diagnosed in Spain for the first time, we have considered it of interest to review the subject and to bring it up to date as much as possible. Legionnaires' disease is an infectious illness which principally affects people in the fifth decade of life and which has been diagnosed in different countries in the world, including Spain. The etiologic agent is a Gram-negative bacteria, which does not grow in the normal culture media and which requires special stains for its identification. Clinically the disease presents as an atypical pneumonia accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms and hyponatremia as a characteristic laboratory finding. It appears with greater frequency during the summer season in an epidemic form, although isolated cases have been reported during the entire year. It is potentially a very severe condition, and the mortality rate has been calculated at 15--20 percent. A definite diagnosis requires the isolation of the etiologic agent: directly, by stain (direct immunofluorescence, Dieterle's silver stain), isolation and culture in an enriched media (Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with Iso-Vitalex and hemoglobin), or indirectly by serologic methods (indirect immunofluorescence). Eryhtromycin is the antibiotic of choice with or without the association of another antibiotic of wider spectrum.
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PMID:[Legionnaires' disease (author's transl)]. 38 8

A bacterium with growth characteristics similar to, but genetically distinct from, either Legionella pneumophila or WIGA (a "rickettsia-like agent") was obtained from a postmortem lung specimen of a patient with fatal atypical pneumonia at the M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute in Houston, Texas. This bacterium and WIGA have essentially the same cellular fatty acid composition, which is distinct from that of L. pneumophila. Deoxyribonucleic acid-reletadness studies show that the isolate from Texas is only about 10% related to both L. pneumophila and WIGA and there fore may represent a new species. This new bacterium should be considered in selecting laboratory procedures in the diagnosis of atypical pneumonia.
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PMID:A newly identified bacterium phenotypically resembling, but genetically distinct from, Legionella pneumophila: an isolate in a case of pneumonia. 39 Nov 15

Eight patients with atypical pneumonia caused by the Legionnaires' disease organism were seen during the spring and summer of 1977. Two died of the acute illness. All patients were febrile and presented with symptoms of acute respiratory infection. Other symptoms included malaise, anorexia, chills, myalgia, and headache. Severe hypoxemia was a striking feature. Conventional methods to determine the etiology of these pneumonias were unsuccessful but subsequent serological studies confirmed the diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease. Seven patients were treated with beta-lactam antibiotics alone or with an aminoglycoside and all failed to respond. Six were subsequently treated with erythromycin and five who received this drug for at least 48 hours were markedly improved within this time period. We believe that erythromycin is effective in the treatment of Legionnaires' disease.
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PMID:Case report. Clinical manifestations and treatment of Legionnaires' disease. 46 49

Chlamydia and Legionella are recognized causes of atypical pneumonia. A case of pneumonia due to Chlamydia psittaci/TWAR and Legionella bozemanii following renal transplantation is described. Legionella bozemanii infection was diagnosed by a rise in antibodies and by isolation of the organism from bronchoscopy specimens. It is unusual to find pneumonia caused concomitantly by two such agents. This case, despite the fatal outcome, emphasises the necessity for a comprehensive approach to the diagnosis of atypical pneumonia, including culture for Legionella, especially in immunocompromised patients.
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PMID:Pneumonia due to Legionella bozemanii and Chlamydia psittaci/TWAR following renal transplantation. 152 25

A 56-year-old man with fever, headache, cough and sputum was admitted to another clinic. Chest X-ray examination revealed infiltrates in the upper lobe of the right lung. Cefem and aminoglycoside therapy was not effective, and the infiltrates migrated from the right upper lobe to the right middle and lower lobes and then to the left lung. He was transferred to our clinic, and laboratory data showed that CRP was 6+; ESR, 119 mm/1 h; WBC, 3000/mm3; and CAR, 512. The tentative diagnosis of atypical pneumonia was based on the positive agglutination test for Legionella pneumophila, and treatment with erythromycin, minocycline and rifampicin resulted in alleviation of symptoms and resolution of the infiltrates in the lungs. Complement fixation titer for Chlamydia was 128 at admission and was elevated to 512 after 2 weeks. Indirect fluorescent antibody for Legionella was negative. Transient liver dysfunction was also observed.
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PMID:[A case of psittacosis with migratory infiltrates]. 162 83

We made an open, noncomparative evaluation of ofloxacin, 400 mg orally bid for 10 days, in 98 subjects with community-acquired pneumonia or pathogen-confirmed bronchitis. Thirty-nine (40%) of the subjects were treated in the hospital and 59 (60%) were treated as outpatients. The mean age of those treated was 56.2 years; 73 (74%) of the subjects either were more than 60 years old or had a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or both. There were 95 organisms initially isolated in sputum, aspirate, or lavage fluid; all were susceptible to ofloxacin, and none acquired resistance during therapy. Haemophilus influenzae was the most common pathogen (19 isolates), followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (18) and Staphylococcus aureus (10). Clinical responses included cure in 70 patients (71%), improvement in 26 (27%), and failure in two (2%). After 10 days of therapy, pathogens persisted in two cases; in one case, Streptococcus salivarius was isolated, though it remained susceptible to ofloxacin, and in the other, Klebsiella pneumoniae was accompanied by superinfection due to a resistant strain of Serratia marcescens. We included in this study three confirmed cases of atypical pneumonia successfully treated with ofloxacin, two of them due to Mycoplasma pneumonia and one to Legionella pneumophila. Ofloxacin was well tolerated. Our data indicate that ofloxacin is effective and safe as specific and empiric treatment for many lower respiratory tract infections.
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PMID:Oral ofloxacin therapy for lower respiratory tract infection. 173 27

Pleuropulmonary tularemia may mimic atypical pneumonia caused by other common etiologic agents, including Legionella. The correct identification of the pathogen responsible for the atypical pneumonia is usually made serologically or with the use of special stains and cultures. We have reported a case of pleuropulmonary tularemia whose diagnosis was confounded by false-positive direct fluorescent antibody stains for Legionella.
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PMID:Tularemic pneumonia mimicking Legionnaires' disease with false-positive direct fluorescent antibody stains for Legionella. 268 31

Community-acquired pneumonia accounts for about 1 p. 100 of all lower respiratory infections, i.e. 1 to 10 cases per 1,000 adults annually, depending on the country and the year. The causative organism is seldom identified since there is no simple, specific, non-invasive and cheap laboratory diagnostic method. Treatment therefore is empirical. It rests upon epidemiological and clinical data as well as upon a set of criteria concerning the acceptability of antibiotics and variations in bacterial resistance. The four principal antibiotic-sensitive microorganisms to be taken into account are pneumococci, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila. In practice, focal lung infections should initially be treated with penicillin A which is active against pneumococci and H. influenzae. In case of atypical pneumonia, preference should be given to macrolides since these drugs are active against M. pneumoniae and L. pneumophila. In initially severe or worsening pneumonia occurring in debilitated patients penicillins and macrolides should be given concomitantly from the start.
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PMID:[Community-acquired pneumonia]. 274 47

Throat swabs from patients with pharyngitis and sputum specimens from patients with atypical pneumonia were tested for the presence of a Mycoplasma pneumoniae polypeptide with a molecular weight of 43,000 with the use of an M. pneumoniae species-specific monoclonal antibody in an immunoblot assay. This 43,000-dalton polypeptide was detectable in 33 of 33 throat swabs from patients with pharyngitis that were positive for M. pneumoniae by conventional culture as well as a culture-amplified enzyme immunoassay. The 43,000-dalton polypeptide was also detected in three of three M. pneumoniae culture-positive sputum specimens. It was not detected in 3 sputum specimens culture-confirmed for Legionella pneumophila, 10 sputum specimens from normal persons, or 25 throat swabs also from normal persons. This immunoblot assay could be completed within five hours and may be an alternative method for detecting M. pneumoniae antigen directly in sputum or throat swab specimens.
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PMID:Direct detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae antigen in clinical specimens by a monoclonal antibody immunoblot assay. 312 58


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