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Query: UMLS:C0023241 (Legionella)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We developed a latex agglutination test to detect antigen(s) of serogroup 1 Legionella pneumophila in urine and evaluated its ability to diagnose legionnaires' disease. Antigen was detected in 46, or 70%, of 66 patients with serogroup 1 legionnaires' disease but in none of 51 patients with various bacteremic infections nor 60 with urinary tract infections. One of 50 patients with other pulmonary infections was antigen-positive, an immunosuppressed patient with Pneumocystis carinii infection. Seven other patients infected with P. carinii were negative. When compared with radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using serial dilutions of a single antigen-containing urine, latex agglutination was 16-fold less sensitive. However, 82% of RIA- or ELISA-positive specimens were positive by latex agglutination. Latex agglutination is simpler and more rapid than ELISA or RIA, and it should prove valuable in situations where ELISA or RIA are unavailable or unaffordable.
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PMID:Rapid diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease by latex agglutination. 684 37

Community-acquired pneumonia is caused by a range of organisms, most commonly Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae and respiratory viruses. Chest x-ray is required for diagnosis. A risk score based on patient age, coexisting illness, physical signs and results of investigations can aid management decisions. Patients at low risk can usually be managed with oral antibiotics at home, while those at higher risk should be further assessed, and may need admission to hospital and intravenous therapy. For S. pneumoniae infection, amoxycillin is the recommended oral drug, while benzylpenicillin is recommended for intravenous use; all patients should also receive a tetracycline (eg, doxycycline) or macrolide (eg, roxithromycin) as part of initial therapy. Flucloxacillin or dicloxacillin should be added if staphylococcal pneumonia is suspected, and gentamicin or other specific therapy if gram-negative pneumonia is suspected; a third-generation cephalosporin plus intravenous erythromycin is recommended as initial therapy for severe cases. Infections that require special therapy should be considered (eg, tuberculosis, melioidosis, Legionella, Acinetobacter baumanii and Pneumocystis carinii infection).
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PMID:3: Community-acquired pneumonia. 1201 30