Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023241 (Legionella)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We conducted a study on throat swabs obtained from a group of hospitalized patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP). Throat swab specimens from 242 adults admitted to hospital with CAP were tested. In total, 1 or more aetiological agents were identified by real-time PCR in 55 (23%) patients. The most frequently detected pathogens were coronavirus (17%), parainfluenza virus (6%) and influenza virus (4%). Overall, viral pathogens were identified by conventional techniques in 7 (2%) patients, and real-time PCR in 50 (21%) patients (p<0.0001). The diagnostic yield increased from 137 cases (57% of patients using conventional microbiological assays) to 158 cases (65% of patients using real-time PCR assays and conventional microbiological assays; p=0.06). A significantly higher percentage of mortality was present in patients with a mixed bacterial and viral infection. L. pneumophila PCR was positive in only 3 out of 11 cases (27%) of Legionnaires' disease (LD). This study demonstrates that real-time PCR can increase the number of microbiological detections of respiratory pathogens, mainly as a result of detection of respiratory viruses.
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PMID:Detection of respiratory viruses and Legionella spp. by real-time polymerase chain reaction in patients with community acquired pneumonia. 1882 Nov 75

Atypical bacteria, including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumonia and Legionella pneumophila play significant role in respiratory tract infections and account for 40% of all cases of community acquired pneumonia (CAP). These organisms also commonly occur as co-pathogens in mixed infections with mortality rates as high as 25%. The biological mechanisms and diagnosis of atypical infections is presented in this study.
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PMID:[Atypical bacteria in respiratory tract infections --pathogenesis and diagnosis]. 1917 77

Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the sixth leading cause of death. Atypical pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila accounts for up to 40% of all cases of CAP. Atypical pneumonia due to Mycoplasma and Chlamydophila usually cause milder forms of pneumonia and are characterized by a more drawn out course of symptoms unlike other forms of pneumonia which can come on more quickly with more severe early symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumonia often affects younger people and may be associated with symptoms outside of the lungs (such as anemia and rashes), and neurological syndromes (such as meningitis, myelitis, and encephalitis). Severe forms of Mycoplasma pneumonia have been described in all age groups. Chlamydophila pneumonia occurs year round and accounts for 5-15% of all pneumonias. It is usually mild with a low mortality rate. In contrast, atypical pneumonia due to Legionella accounts for 2-6% of pneumonias and has a higher mortality rate. Elderly individuals, smokers, and people with chronic illnesses and weakened immune systems are at higher risk for this type of pneumonia. Contact with contaminated aerosol systems (like infected air conditioning systems) has also been associated with pneumonia due to Legionella. All of known macrolides, including azythromycin and clarythromycin, have excellent activity against the atypical respiratory pathogens. The are primarily bacteriostatic, by binding to the 50S subunit of the ribosome, they inhibit bacterial protein. The potential indications for treatment lower respiratory tract infections with macrolides were presented in this study.
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PMID:[Lower tract infections as potential indication for therapy with macrolides]. 1917 81

Legionella pneumonia has a serious clinical course and requires treatment at intensive care unit. The need for mechanical ventilation is one of the determinants of prognosis. Mortality rate is higher in patients treated with mechanical ventilation. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) provides mechanical ventilation without endotracheal intubation and decreases the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia. It is a treatment modality for patients with hypoxia due to community acquired pneumonia. The present case was admitted to intensive care unit with a diagnosis of legionella pneumonia, and his hypoxemic respiratory failure was successfully treated with NPPV.
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PMID:Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for a severe legionella pneumonia case. 1978 76

Pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in France. Microbial epidemiology, profile of bacterial resistance and prognosis depend on the type of pneumonia (community acquired pneumonia [CAP], health-care associated pneumonia, hospital acquired pneumonia or ventilator associated bacterial pneumonia). Streptococcus pneumoniae, community respiratory viruses, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumonia and Legionella sp. are the five most common pathogens causing CAP in adults. The susceptibility of these four bacteria to antibiotics used in the management of CAP remains stable over time. Comorbidities, risk factors or impairment of the host defence mechanisms changes the microbial classic epidemiology of CAP. Patients with health care-associated pneumonia have an increased risk of multidrug-resistant bacteria, initial inappropriate antimicrobial treatment, severity and mortality, due to a different microbial epidemiology from those of CAP.
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PMID:[Epidemiology and mechanisms of pneumonia in adults]. 2213 68

Legionnaires' disease (LD) is an often overlooked but a possible cause of sporadic community acquired pneumonia. High fever, cough and gastrointestinal symptoms are non-specific symptoms. Hyponatremia is more common in LD than pneumonia linked with other causes. A definitive diagnosis is usually confirmed by culture, urinary antigen testing for Legionella species. Macolide or quinolone antibiotic is the treatment of choice. We describe a case of Legionella pneumonia presenting with high fever, bilateral flank pain and oliguria. It is important for clinicians to be aware of this diagnosis when managing patients with flank pain. The case highlights the problems in differentiating LD from renal colic and the importance of proper history, physical examination with laboratory tests for appropriate management.
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PMID:Legionella pneumonia presenting with bilateral flank pain, hyponatraemia and acute renal failure. 2215 78

We designed a multiplex real time PCR for rapid, sensitive and specific detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The study cases consisted of 129 patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP). Bacteriological techniques were implemented for detection of the cultivable organisms. DNA were extracted from sputa, throat swabs, bronchoalveolar lavages and tracheal aspirates and used as templates in real time PCR. The primers and probes were designed for cbpA (S. pneumoniae), p1adhesin (M. pneumoniae), mip (L. pneumophila) and ompA (C. pneumoniae). After optimization of real time PCR for every organism, the experiments were continued in multiplex in a single tube. Of 129 CAP specimens, the positive cultures included 14 (10.85%) for S. pneumoniae, 9 (6.98%) for L. pneumophila and 3 (2.33%) for M. pneumoniae. Four specimens (3.10%) were positive for C. pneumoniae by real time PCR. The sensitivity of our real time PCR was 100% for all selected bacteria. The specificity of the test was 98.26%, 98.34%, 100% and 100% for S. pneumoniae, L. pneumophila, M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae, respectively. This is the first report on the use of multiplex real time PCR for detection of CAP patients in the Middle East. The method covers more than 90% of the bacterial pathogens causing CAP.
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PMID:Single tube real time PCR for detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila from clinical samples of CAP. 2275 Jul 78

Legionella pneumophila is responsible for approximately 6-14% of hospital admitted community acquired pneumonia (CAP) cases. It is associated with a significant severity. In untreated patients is associated with 80% mortality and in patients with comorbidities mortality is approximately 100%. The authors present a case of Legionella pneumophila pneumonia with cerebellar dysfunction. Cerebellar dysfunction is a rare disorder (3.7% of cases), but is well documented and has been reported in the first cases of the disease. The authors warn for the relevance of the epidemiological context and emphasize the importance of reporting cases to identify outbreaks, tracing the source of contamination and preventing new cases.
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PMID:[Legionella pneumophila pneumonia and ataxia]. 2285 9

Legionella pneumophila is an important etiological agent in both hospital and community acquired pneumonia. The sensitivity of culture for isolation of L. pneumophila from clinical specimens is low and time consuming. Similar problem also exists when the method of direct immunofluorescence is used. To detect this organism quantitatively from respiratory specimens, a Taq Man based real-time PCR targeting the mip sequence was developed. Both real-time PCR and culture methods were applied on 262 respiratory specimens from 262 ICU patients with pneumonia admitted to 5 different hospitals in Tehran. The results of real-time PCR were compared with those obtained by culture. Real-time PCR and culture found 12 and 4 specimens, respectively, as positive for L. pneumophila. Its technical specificity (100%) was checked against a panel of microorganisms consisting of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Our real-time PCR assay showed high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (96.9%) and could detect 200 organisms per ml from respiratory specimens. Using real-time PCR as a screening method, the frequency of nosocomial pneumonia with L. pneumophila at Tehran hospitals was estimated as 4.58%.
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PMID:Hospital acquired pneumonia: comparison of culture and real-time PCR assays for detection of Legionella pneumophila from respiratory specimens at Tehran hospitals. 2298 39

Legionnaires' disease is a rare cause of community acquired pneumonia in children and is exceedingly rare in infants and neonates. We describe a case of a 15 years old female, with lymphoblastic leukemia and legionella pneumophila pneumonia. Diagnosis was made by specific culture and polymerase chain reaction method from sputum and bronchoalveolar ravage specimens. Treatment was prolonged because of slow resolution and the fact that she underwent bone marrow transplantation. This emphasizes the importance of considering this rare entity in cases of severe pneumonia, especially in the immunocompromised host.
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PMID:[Legionella pneumonia in a child with leukemia]. 2335 Feb 95


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