Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023241 (Legionella)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The in vitro activities of temafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin against gram-negative bacteria are compared. The 90% minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC90s) of temafloxacin for respiratory pathogens such as Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Neisseria meningitidis, Bordetella pertussis, and Legionella pneumophila are less than or equal to 0.06 micrograms/mL. Temafloxacin is also active against bacterial agents of sexually transmitted diseases, including Neisseria gonorrhoeae (MIC90 less than or equal to 0.015 micrograms/mL) and Chlamydia trachomatis (MIC90 0.25 micrograms/mL). For strains of Enterobacteriaceae, Campylobacter, Vibrio, Aeromonas, and Acinetobacter, temafloxacin is generally inhibitory at less than or equal to 0.5 micrograms/mL. The MIC90 of temafloxacin for Pseudomonas aeruginosa is higher than that of ciprofloxacin, approximately 4 micrograms/mL versus 0.5 micrograms/mL. This activity, combined with its pharmacokinetic characteristics, should make temafloxacin an effective antimicrobial agent against infections caused by gram-negative bacteria.
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PMID:In vitro activity of temafloxacin against gram-negative bacteria: an overview. 166 90

The pSAM2 element of Streptomyces ambofaciens integrates site-specifically in the genome of different Streptomyces species by recombination between a 58 bp sequence common to the plasmid (attP) and the chromosome (attB). Southern hybridization analysis showed that sequences similar to the pSAM2 attB site were found in other actinomycetes (Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Micromonospora) as well as unrelated bacteria (Bacillus circulans, Escherichia coli, Clostridium botulinum, Bordetella pertussis, and Legionella pneumophila). Hybridizing fragments from B. circulans and Mycobacterium tuberculosis were cloned and sequenced. Comparison of these sequences with the sequence of the integration zone of S. ambofaciens revealed a conserved region of 76 bp which overlapped with the attB site. This conserved sequence was similar to the Salmonella typhimurium and E. coli tRNA(pro1) genes as well as a number of eucaryotic tRNA genes and had a proline-tRNA-like cloverleaf structure. Furthermore, the Streptomyces lividans attB site of the Streptomyces glaucescens element pIJ408 was also found to overlap a potential tRNA gene (tRNA(thr)). We note here that these two putative tRNA genes as well as those which overlap the attB site of the elements SLP1 of Streptomyces coelicolor and pMEA100 of Nocardia mediterranei all contain the site where integrative recombination takes place. These presumptive actinomycete tRNA genes lack the 3' terminal CCA sequence found in most procaryotic tRNA genes.
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PMID:The chromosomal integration site of the Streptomyces element pSAM2 overlaps a putative tRNA gene conserved among actinomycetes. 170 70

A monoclonal antibody (MAb) immunoglobulin G2a (2125) was produced against a 60-kDa Legionella heat shock protein (HSP), recognizing a unique epitope common to all species of the genus Legionella. The antibody reacted in the immunoblot with 59 Legionella species and serogroups that were tested and showed no cross-reactivity with other bacteria, including Acinetobacter spp., Bordetella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Mycobacterium spp., and Escherichia coli. Two other MAbs (2122 and 2130) reacted with the 60-kDa Legionella protein as well but showed different cross-reactivities with other gram-negative bacteria in the same molecular mass range. The genus-specific MAb 2125 as well as the cross-reacting MAbs 2122 and 2130 were shown to be reactive with the expressed protein of the cloned gene of the 60-kDa HSP of Legionella micdadei and Legionella pneumophila. These antibodies demonstrate that Legionella-specific and nonspecific epitopes are present on this protein. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in which the genus-specific MAb is used both as a capture antibody and as a biotinylated second antibody has been established. With this test it is possible to detect Legionella whole cells, sonicated cells, and cell fractions containing the 60-kDa HSP. The main part of the 60-kDa HSP is found in the cytoplasmic fraction. The sandwich ELISA can be used to demonstrate the increased expression of the 60-kDa protein in Legionella cells following heat shock as well as marked differences in the detection of the 60-kDa HSP on whole cells of different Legionella strains. The high specificity and sensitivity of the sandwich ELISA for sonicated cells might be very useful to screen on a genus level for Legionella cells or the 60-kDa antigen in environmental isolates or body fluids of patients.
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PMID:Genus-specific epitope on the 60-kilodalton Legionella heat shock protein recognized by a monoclonal antibody. 170 30

Immunization of BALB/c mice with Rickettsia prowazekii antigens, Bordetella pertussis toxin and Legionella pneumophila cytolysin induces the synthesis of IgM autoantibodies of different specificity. Among monoclonal antibodies, multispecific antibodies with a wide reactivity spectrum have been found to make up high percentage (30-80%). Monoclonal antibodies interact with different bacterial antigens and tissue substances. A hypothesis has been put forward that normally the injection of the antigen is followed by the appearance of antigen-nonspecific "immunological noise", including the synthesis of both tissue-specific and multispecific autoantibodies. Such antigen nonspecific "immunological noise" must have a certain threshold level which can be determined with the use of hybridoma techniques. This problem is particularly topical for bacterial antigens, as many of them are used in the development of vaccinal preparations, which may lead to an increase in the synthesis of autoantibodies and induce different autoimmune disturbances in the body.
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PMID:[Multispecific monoclonal antibodies]. 175 27

The activity of the quinolone temafloxacin against respiratory pathogens was compared with those of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. MICs for 90% of strains tested indicated that temafloxacin was at least two- to fourfold more potent than the other two quinolones against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Legionella pneumophila. Temafloxacin had potency equal to that of ciprofloxacin and was twofold more active than ofloxacin against Streptococcus pyogenes. Moraxella catarrhalis, and Bordetella pertussis. Against Haemophilus influenzae and Klebsiella pneumoniae, temafloxacin was four- and twofold less potent than ciprofloxacin, respectively. When administered orally in mouse protection tests against S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, and S. pyogenes, temafloxacin was at least eight times more potent than ciprofloxacin and was two to four times more active than ofloxacin. Against H. influenzae, temafloxacin was as active as ofloxacin and was two times less active than ciprofloxacin following oral administration in mice. In treating L. pneumophila in guinea pigs and H. influenzae otitis media in gerbils, temafloxacin and ofloxacin were more effective than ciprofloxacin. Against S. pneumoniae otitis media in gerbils, temafloxacin and ciprofloxacin were more active than ofloxacin. Following subcutaneous administration in mice, temafloxacin achieved higher lung levels than ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin did.
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PMID:Activity of temafloxacin against respiratory pathogens. 203 92

In a previous study, all convalescent-phase sera from patients with culture-confirmed legionellosis reacted on immunoblots with a Legionella genus-wide 58-kilodalton (kDa) protein antigen (J.S. Sampson, B.B. Plikaytis, and H.W. Wilkinson, J. Clin. Microbiol. 23:92-99, 1986). The present study was done to immunologically characterize and determine the diagnostic relevance of this purified antigen. The antigen was precipitated from enriched cell extracts with ammonium sulfate and purified by high-pressure liquid chromatography. High-titered rabbit antiserum produced to the purified protein was used to show its presence on immunoblots in the 60-kDa range in 38 Legionella serogroups, representing 23 species, and in 39 non-Legionella bacteria. The antiserum was made specific for Legionella strains by sequential absorptions with Bordetella pertussis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Pseudomonas fluorescens whole cells. Serum from legionellosis patients reacted with both specific and nonspecific epitopes. Results of indirect immunofluorescence experiments showed that neither specific nor nonspecific epitopes of the 60-kDa protein were surface exposed on Legionella cells and that cross-reactive epitopes were variably exposed on non-Legionella bacteria. The 60-kDa protein antigen should be useful in diagnostic tests for legionellosis if care is taken to expose cryptic epitopes and if the tests use or measure only the Legionella-specific epitopes.
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PMID:Purified 60-kilodalton Legionella protein antigen with Legionella-specific and nonspecific epitopes. 244 17

We isolated Bordetella pertussis from three patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who underwent diagnostic bronchoscopy for evaluation of respiratory symptoms. The B. pertussis isolates were recovered from medium (charcoal-yeast extract agar) formulated to enhance recovery of Legionella spp., and one of the isolates stained positively with antisera directed against Legionella spp.
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PMID:Unexpected isolation of Bordetella pertussis from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 253 56

Charcoal-horse blood agar with 40 micrograms of cephalexin per ml, charcoal-horse blood agar with 3 micrograms of lincomycin per ml, charcoal agar with 3 micrograms of lincomycin per ml, and Legionella (buffered charcoal-yeast extract) agar with 3 micrograms of lincomycin per ml were compared for isolation of Bordetella pertussis. Charcoal-horse blood agar with 40 micrograms of cephalexin per ml gave the best results, with a B. pertussis recovery rate of 100%. Growth was most rapid and the mean number of colonies was highest on this agar, and growth of pharyngeal flora was completely suppressed.
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PMID:Comparison of four charcoal media for the isolation of Bordetella pertussis. 254 40

Fluoroquinolones are active against a wide variety of bacteria. The antibacterial spectra of fluoroquinolones encompass staphylococci, Bacillus species, and Corynebacterium species implicated in infections of the immunocompromised host; Enterobacteriaceae; most intestinal pathogens; and many gram-negative organisms commonly causing nosocomial infections. Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus ducreyi, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Branhamella catarrhalis are highly susceptible to this class of drugs. Because of their ability to penetrate into phagocytes, fluoroquinolones have been tested against intracellular pathogens: Legionella species, Rickettsia conorii, Rickettsia rickettsii, and Brucella melitensis are very sensitive; Chlamydia trachomatis and the mycoplasmas are borderline; and some antimycobacterial activities deserve further investigation. Species that are generally resistant include Pseudomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas cepacia, Pseudomonas pseudomallei, Alcaligenes species, Nocardia species, Bordetella bronchiseptica, and most anaerobes.
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PMID:Laboratory survey of fluoroquinolone activity. 267 62

While preparing slide agglutination test antisera and immunofluorescence conjugates for the identification of Legionella species and serogroups, we found that several of the reagents cross-reacted with Bordetella pertussis strains. To determine the extent of this problem and to estimate the specificity of Legionella reagents, we tested slide agglutination test antisera against 22 species and 35 serogroups with 92 bacterial strains representing 19 genera. The only cross-reactions observed were with Legionella pneumophila serogroup 10, L. maceachernii, L. gormanii, and L. feeleii serogroup 1 antisera and 4 of 10 B. pertussis strains. Nineteen conjugates, previously available from the Centers for Disease Control but no longer distributed as reference reagents, were tested with the four cross-reactive B. pertussis strains. Two conjugates, L. micdadei and L. wadsworthii, stained three of the B. pertussis strains at a fluorescence intensity of greater than or equal to 3+. All cross-reactions were removed from the antisera and conjugates by absorption with the cross-reacting strain without diminishing the homologous reaction. Special emphasis should be placed on the identification and removal of cross-reactions in Legionella reagents with strains that have similar morphologic and growth characteristics.
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PMID:Cross-reactions in Legionella antisera with Bordetella pertussis strains. 288 98


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