Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023241 (Legionella)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The chemistry, mode of action, antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic efficacy of doxycycline are reviewed. Doxycycline displays excellent activity against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic pathogens. The oral absorption of doxycycline is rapid and virtually complete and is not significantly decreased by food. Moreover, serum concentrations of doxycycline following oral and intravenous (i.v.) administration are comparable. Because of the prolonged half-life of doxycycline, once daily administration is possible. Tissue penetration of doxycycline is excellent. Levels within the therapeutic range have been found in most organs and tissues, including kidney, lung, gallbladder, prostate, intestinal tract, myocardium, sinus secretions, tonsil, aqueous humor, and female reproductive tissue. Doxycycline does not accumulate in patients with renal insufficiency and is not removed from the blood to any great extent during hemodialysis. Extensive clinical investigation has shown doxycycline to be highly effective in infections of the respiratory tract, including atypical pneumonias; skin and soft tissue; genitourinary infection including gonorrhea, syphilis, nonspecific urethritis, and prostatitis; intraabdominal infection due to trauma, sepsis, or surgery; and cholera. Evidence also suggests that doxycycline will prove effective in the treatment of Legionnaires' disease. In addition, placebo-controlled clinical trials suggest doxycycline is effective in the prevention of traveler's diarrhea.
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PMID:Doxycycline. 704 45

Miocamycin is an orally administered 16-membered macrolide antimicrobial drug. It has a spectrum of in vitro activity similar to that of erythromycin, inhibiting a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, atypical microbes and some anaerobes. Importantly, miocamycin demonstrates greater in vitro potency than erythromycin against several pathogens including Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum. Equally noteworthy is its activity against erythromycin-resistant staphylococcal and streptococcal species expressing inducible-type resistance. Miocamycin possesses poor overall activity against Haemophilus influenzae and is inactive against Enterobacteriaceae. Penetration of miocamycin into body tissues and fluids is both rapid and extensive. The 3 major metabolites of miocamycin possess antimicrobial activity and may contribute to the therapeutic efficacy of the drug. Clinical data indicate that miocamycin is useful in the treatment of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in both adult and paediatric patients. Miocamycin is also effective in the treatment of urogenital tract infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis or U. urealyticum. Several studies suggest that miocamycin is at least as effective as erythromycin in these indications; however, comparisons with newer macrolide agents have yet to be performed. In other studies, miocamycin proved to be a useful agent in the treatment of periodontal infections and as anti-infective prophylaxis in dental surgery. Miocamycin appears to have a tolerability profile qualitatively similar to that of other macrolides, with gastrointestinal and skin disorders being the most commonly reported adverse events. Current data suggest that the potential for drug interactions with miocamycin is low, with the possible exceptions of carbamazepine and cyclosporin. Thus, although further confirmation and elaboration of various aspects of its efficacy and tolerability profile is needed, at this stage miocamycin offers a useful alternative oral therapy to erythromycin for the treatment of uncomplicated community-acquired respiratory tract infections and nongonococcal urethritis.
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PMID:Miocamycin. A review of its antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential. 750 53

Sitafloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial with in vitro activity against a broad range of Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, including anaerobic bacteria, as well as against atypical pathogens. It is approved in Japan for use in a number of bacterial infections caused by sitafloxacin-susceptible strains of Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus pneumoniae, other Streptococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., Moraxella catarrhalis, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Serratia spp., Proteus spp., Morganella morganii, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Legionella pneumophila, Peptostreptococcus spp., Prevotella spp., Porphyromonas spp., Fusobacterium spp., Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. In terms of clinical efficacy, oral sitafloxacin was noninferior to oral levofloxacin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia or an infectious exacerbation of chronic respiratory tract disease, noninferior to oral tosufloxacin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, and noninferior to oral levofloxacin in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections, according to the results of randomized, double-blind, multicentre, noninferiority trials. Noncomparative studies demonstrated the efficacy of oral sitafloxacin in otorhinolaryngological infections, urethritis in men, C. trachomatis-associated cervicitis in women and odontogenic infections. Gastrointestinal disorders and laboratory abnormalities were the most commonly occurring adverse reactions in patients receiving oral sitafloxacin. Adverse reactions reported in sitafloxacin recipients in the active comparator trials were of mild to moderate severity.
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PMID:Sitafloxacin: in bacterial infections. 2150 49