Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023241 (Legionella)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Licochalcone A, extracted and purified from Chinese licorice roots, showed in vitro inhibitory effect on human pathogenic Mycobacteria species and Legionella species. M. tuberculosis, M. bovis and BCG were inhibited by < 20 mg/l licochalcone A, whereas all non- M. tuberculosis complex species were resistant to > 20 mg/l Legionella pneumophila (serogroups 1 - 7) and L. bozemanii, L. dumoffii, L. feelei, L. longbeacheae and L. wadsworthii were inhibited by licochalcone A 1 - 4 mg/l, whereas L. gormanii and L. micdadei were inhibited by licochalcone A 500 - 1000 mg/l. These data indicate that licochalcone A might be of interest as a new class of antibacterial drug in the treatment of severe lung-infections.
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PMID:In vitro antimycobacterial and antilegionella activity of licochalcone A from Chinese licorice roots. 1205 17

It is important to diagnose the pathogen as quickly as possible to accelerate the start of appropriate treatment of patients with infectious diseases. Recently, rapid diagnostic tests improve the accuracy of diagnosis of the pathogen. Furthermore, it is also available to do the test with very simplified method by using portable kits. Many PCR and antigen detection techniques have been developed to improve the diagnosis of specific pathogens, such as influenza virus, Legionella, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Helicobacter pylori and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Especially, urinary antigen detection kits are useful at the site of outpatient clinics.
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PMID:[Rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases at the site of outpatient clinics]. 1207 43

A variety of newly discovered pathogens and new forms of older infectious agents threaten to reemerge. Typical symptoms of acute infection are fever, headache, malaise, vomiting, and diarrhea. Some of the better-known emerging viral infections include dengue, filoviruses (Ebola, Marburg), hantaviruses, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, influenza, lassa fever, measles, rift valley fever, rotavirus, and yellow fever. Emerging bacterial infections include cholera, Escherichia coli 0157:H7, legionnaires disease (Legionella), lyme disease, streptococcus infections (group A), tuberculosis, and typhoid. Emerging parasitic infections include cryptosporidium and other waterborne pathogens and malaria. The causes of many diseases are still shrouded in mystery; thus, treatments and cures for them are as yet unknown.
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PMID:The threat of emerging infections. 1234 57

An 8-month-old girl with respiratory distress and stridor was admitted to the authors' hospital. Two days later, she died of respiratory insufficiency due to pneumonia. Autopsy confirmed the presence of follicular bronchiolitis (FBB) in both lungs. After considering her clinical course, the authors focused on three pathogens: Legionella pneumophilia, Pneumocystis carinii, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Only Legionella pneumophilia was detected by both immunohistochemistry and PCR.
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PMID:Follicular bronchiolitis (FBB) associated with Legionella pneumophilia infection. 1253 68

To clarify the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Japan, the causative pathogens were prospectively investigated in adult patients admitted to Kurashiki Central Hospital. The microbiological diagnosis was based on the results of quantitative sputum culture, blood culture, and other invasive procedures, including transthoracic needle aspiration or bronchoscopic examination. Five hundred fifty-two episodes of CAP in 540 patients were admitted between July 1994 and June 1999. Causative pathogens were identified in 353 episodes (63.9%). Several characteristics about the etiology of CAP in Japan were recognized: 1) Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common pathogen followed by Haemophilus influenzae; 2) Mycoplasma pneumonia is dominant among young patients; 3) Chlomydia pneumoniae is one of the significant pathogens in Japan as well as in western countries; 4) Streptococcus milleri group and anaerobes are important pathogens in patients with suppurative pulmonary diseases; 5) The incidence of Legionella pneumonia is far lower than in western countries; 6) The prevalence of tuberculosis in CAP is still high in Japan; etc. Recognition of these results will lead us to treat patients with prompt antimicrobial therapy.
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PMID:[Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia among adult patients in Japan]. 1257 85

Patients hospitalized with community acquired pneumonia were studied prospectively in two hospitals located in the surroundings of Buenos Aires city. Fifty two patients from General Hospital Manuel Belgrano (HMB) were included from March 1998 to February 1999 and 23 patients from Hospital Dr A. Cetrangolo (HCET) for respiratory disease, were included from June 2000 to May 2001. Patients with lung tuberculosis, lung neoplasia and HIV infection were excluded. Clinical background, signs and symptoms were recorded. Microbiological examinations performed included bacteria, respiratory viruses and mycobacteria. Studies for "atypical" bacteria (Chlamydia spp., Coxiella burnetii, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella spp.) were carried out by serological methods. No differences in age and gender were observed between both groups. Most frequently observed comorbidities in the HMB group included COPD, diabetes and cardiac failure while in the HCET group these were COPD, asthma and lung fibrosis. Etiology was established in 48% and 65.2% of the patients in the first and second group, respectively. Most frequent agents were Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, influenza A and Legionella spp.; the last one was detected in 12% of the patients. Most of these patients were from HMB and presented a good outcome. Mortality was similar in both groups (13.3%). In the HBM group it was related to the presence of comorbidities in 7 out of 8 cases, and in the HCET group it was a consequence of the worsening of their chronic respiratory failure.
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PMID:[Community-acquired pneumonia in patients in 2 hospital populations]. 1267 53

A 47-year-old woman was admitted to hospital with severe Legionella pneumonia. The respiratory symptoms improved dramatically and the X-rays revealed a decrease in the diffuse chest infiltrates after treatment with erythromycin and rifampicin. However, chest CT scans showed that the reticulonodular opacities persisted for several weeks after the onset of pneumonia. Two months after admission, the chest X-rays showed the progression of small nodules in both lungs and there was increasing respiratory distress. A diagnosis of miliary tuberculosis was confirmed. The present case should alert physicians to this potentially confusing combination of respiratory pathogens.
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PMID:A case of Legionella pneumophila pneumonia complicated by miliary tuberculosis. 1275 45

The health-care facility environment is rarely implicated in disease transmission, except among patients who are immunocompromised. Nonetheless, inadvertent exposures to environmental pathogens (e.g., Aspergillus spp. and Legionella spp.) or airborne pathogens (e.g., Mycobacterium tuberculosis and varicella-zoster virus) can result in adverse patient outcomes and cause illness among health-care workers. Environmental infection-control strategies and engineering controls can effectively prevent these infections. The incidence of health-care--associated infections and pseudo-outbreaks can be minimized by 1) appropriate use of cleaners and disinfectants; 2) appropriate maintenance of medical equipment (e.g., automated endoscope reprocessors or hydrotherapy equipment); 3) adherence to water-quality standards for hemodialysis, and to ventilation standards for specialized care environments (e.g., airborne infection isolation rooms, protective environments, or operating rooms); and 4) prompt management of water intrusion into the facility. Routine environmental sampling is not usually advised, except for water quality determinations in hemodialysis settings and other situations where sampling is directed by epidemiologic principles, and results can be applied directly to infection-control decisions. This report reviews previous guidelines and strategies for preventing environment-associated infections in health-care facilities and offers recommendations. These include 1) evidence-based recommendations supported by studies; 2) requirements of federal agencies (e.g., Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and U.S. Department of Justice); 3) guidelines and standards from building and equipment professional organizations (e.g., American Institute of Architects, Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation, and American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers); 4) recommendations derived from scientific theory or rationale; and 5) experienced opinions based upon infection-control and engineering practices. The report also suggests a series of performance measurements as a means to evaluate infection-control efforts.
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PMID:Guidelines for environmental infection control in health-care facilities. Recommendations of CDC and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC). 1283 24

The etiologic evaluation of pericardial effusion is frequently unsuccessful when noninvasive methods are used. To determine the cause of the current episode, all patients with echographically identified pericardial effusion from May 1998 to December 2002 underwent noninvasive diagnostic testing of blood, throat, and stool samples. Patients with postpericardiotomy syndrome were excluded. To analyze the value of our tests, we tested randomly selected blood donors as negative controls. Among 204 included patients, 107 (52.4%) had a final etiologic diagnosis: the etiology of 52 was highly suspected at first examination and later confirmed (thyroid deficiency, 5 cases; systemic lupus erythematous, 7; rheumatoid arthritis, 7; scleroderma, 3; cancer, 25; and renal insufficiency, 5). A definite etiologic diagnosis was made in 11 patients from pericardial fluid analysis (cancer, 5 cases; tuberculosis, 3; Streptococcus pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, and Actinomyces, 1 case each). Among 141 patients considered to have idiopathic pericarditis, 44 (32.1%) gained an etiologic diagnosis by our systematic testing strategy. This included serologic evaluation of serum (Coxiella burnetii, 10 cases; Bartonella quintana, 1; Legionella pneumophila, 1; Mycoplasma pneumoniae, 4; influenza virus, 1), viral culture of throat swabs (enterovirus, 8 cases; and adenovirus, 1), high-level antinuclear antibodies (>1/400, 3 cases), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (15 abnormal results). Antibodies to Toxoplasma and cytomegalovirus, enterovirus recovered from rectal swabs, and low-level antinuclear antibodies were seen with equal frequency in patients and controls. Using our evaluation strategy, the number of pericardial effusions classified as idiopathic was less than in other series. Systematic testing for Q fever, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, thyroid abnormalities, and antinuclear antibodies, accompanied by viral throat cultures, frequently enabled us to diagnose diseases not initially suspected in patients with pericardial effusion.
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PMID:Etiologic diagnosis of 204 pericardial effusions. 1466 88

The current authors present the case of a 68-yr-old female patient who developed severe respiratory failure after medication with ciprofloxacin for acute urinary tract infection. A chronic subdural haematoma was surgical evacuated. Postoperatively, an acute urinary tract infection was treated with ciprofloxacin. Six days later, C-reactive protein was rising and the patient was suffering from intermittent high fever, dyspnoea and severe hypoxaemia. The high-resolution-computed tomography (HRCT) showed an interstitial lung disease in the anterior upper lobe on the left side as well as in the lingula. Assuming a bacterial infection amoxyl/clavulanic acid was started which did not improve the clinical symptoms. Bronchoalveolar lavage revealed a marked lymphocytosis (87%). Analysis for typical bacterial infections, Tuberculosis, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia and Legionella spp. were all negative. Another HRCT scan was made because of worsening of symptoms and this showed rapidly progressive infiltrates in most lobes. An open lingular biopsy showed an interstitial lymphoplasmocytotic infiltrate with some eosinophilic granulocytes and a few scattered giant cell granulomas, consistent with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. The patient's symptoms rapidly improved with systemic corticosteroid therapy and another HRCT scan revealed complete remission of pulmonary infiltrates. Ciprofloxacin can induce interstitial pneumonitis with acute respiratory failure. This is an important fact considering that ciprofloxacin is a widely used antibiotic agent in treatment of urinary tract infection.
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PMID:Ciprofloxacin-induced acute interstitial pneumonitis. 1473 49


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