Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023241 (Legionella)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A cumulative review of illness experienced by 13,816 travellers returning to Scotland since 1977, shows an overall attack rate of 36%. Alimentary complaints predominated; 18% of travellers had these alone and a further 10% had other symptoms as well as their gastro-intestinal disorder. Higher attack rates were noted in those taking package holidays. Inexperience of travel, smoking, more southerly travel and younger age (particularly those between 20- and 29-years-old) were other contributing factors. A similar pattern emerged from a I year study of hospital in-patients with travel related admissions. Serological studies of 470 travellers showed that 20% had incomplete immunity to poliomyelitis; 25% of those tested (312 travellers) had serological evidence of typhoid immunisation, I.9% (of 760 travellers) had antibodies to Legionella pneumophila, 64% (5II travellers tested) had antibodies to hepatitis A, 87% (288 tested) had adequate levels of tetanus antitoxin but only 40% of the 225 travellers tested had adequate levels of diphtheria antitoxin. Amongst a subgroup of 645 travellers the travel agent was the most frequently consulted source of pre-travel health advice. This carries particular significance for the dissemination of relevant advice in view of the inadequacies found from study of the health information in travel brochures. These findings, viewed against the perspective of the continuing growth in international travel, means that travellers, the medical profession, the travel trade, health educators, global health agencies and health authorities in those countries accepting and encouraging tourists, will be required to recognise the health implications of further tourism development if this problem of illness associated with travel is to be brought under control.
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PMID:A cumulative review of studies on travellers, their experience of illness and the implications of these findings. 216 66

Sera obtained from 642 patients with chronic alcoholism and 400 sera from healthy donors, collected in different regions of the USSR (Moscow, the Kirghiz SSR, Transcarpathian Province, the northern Caucasus), were studied. Out of all patients with chronic alcoholism whose blood sera were examined, persons aged 20-30 years constituted 22%, 31-40 years, 41.8%, 41-50 years, 27.5%, above 50 years, 8.7%. The results of the study of the immune structure of these patients with respect to the causative agents of respiratory diseases revealed a large proportion of persons seropositive to influenza virus B Leningrad/369/75 (92-93%) and coronavirus OC-43 (78-93%). Patients with chronic alcoholism were shown to belong to a high risk group with respect to Legionella pneumophila infection. The proportion of persons with antibodies to L. pneumophila among such patients (up to 21.1%) was considerably higher than among healthy donors (not more than 6%). In different regions of the USSR large risk groups with respect to diphtheria (42-56%) and tetanus (12-45%) were detected among patients with chronic alcoholism. These patients also showed considerably higher levels of anti-tissue antibodies in comparison with the healthy population.
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PMID:[Humoral immunity indices of chronic alcoholism patients]. 356 81

In the first half of the 20th century, improved living conditions, preventive measures, vaccines and antibiotics led to a marked reduction in morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases. It was predicted that the conquest of all infectious diseases was imminent. However, 50 years later, in 1999, they were still the major cause of disease worldwide, and caused nearly one third of all deaths (a total of 55.9 million). The eradication of smallpox in the 1970s and the approaching eradication of poliomyelitis represent major achievements. The prevalence of measles, pertussis and tetanus neonatorum is also markedly reduced, but still 1.5 million children in developing countries die each year because of lack of vaccines. Malaria and tuberculosis are re-emerging. Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS are the diseases with known aetiology that cause most deaths, altogether 5 million each year. Respiratory and gastrointestinal infections cause 6.5 million deaths annually. Infections in the immunocompromised host have become a "trade mark" of today's advanced medicine. Almost every year, new diseases related to new micro-organisms are described; over the last 30 years, approximately 40 new diseases/micro-organisms have been diagnosed. Among the best known are HIV/AIDS, peptic ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori, Legionnaires' disease, borreliosis (Lyme disease), hepatitis C, gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus, and Ebola haemorrhagic fever. Antimicrobial resistance development of micro-organisms has become one of the major health problems worldwide; a number of preventive measures are being introduced.
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PMID:[Microorganisms strike back--infectious diseases during the last 50 years]. 1180 14

The present paper tries to identify the occupational risk factors (physical, chemical, biological, psychological), variable depending on jobs and tasks, to which the heterogeneous public safety/security workers are exposed. The fight against criminality and public order maintenance imply (sometimes fatal) traumatic risks, and expose to psychophysical and sensorial tiring, unfavourable macro- and microclimatic conditions, the risk of baropathy (air navigation, underwater activities), noise (generated by firearms and several other sources), vibrations and shakings (automatic weapons, transport vehicles), the risk of electric injury, ionizing (X and gamma rays) and non-inonizing (ultraviolet rays, microwaves and radiofrequencies, electromagnetic fields) radiations. Chemical hazards include carbon monoxide and other combustion products (fires, urban traffic), substances released in chemical accidents, tear gases, lead (firing grounds, metal works, environmental pollution), solvents, lubrificants and cutting oils (mechanic repair and maintenance), laboratory materials and reagents, irritant and/or sensitizing agents contained in gloves. The main biological risks are tetanus, blood-borne diseases (viral hepatitis, AIDS), aerogenous diseases (e.g., tuberculosis, Legionnaire's disease, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis), dog- or horse-transmitted zoonosis. Finally, emotional, psychosomatic and behavioural stress-related disorders (e.g., burn-out syndrome, post-traumatic stress disorder) are typically frequent. The presence of numerous and diversified hazards among public safety/security forces imposes the adoption of occupational medicine measures, including risk assessment, health education, technical and environmental prevention, personal protective devices, sanitary surveillance and biological monitoring, clinical interventions (diagnosis, therapy and rehabilitation of occupational accidents and illnesses), prompt medico-legal evaluation of occupational-related compensation claims.
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PMID:[Occupational risks among public safety and security forces]. 1670 89