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Query: UMLS:C0023241 (Legionella)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of 21-years old soldier diagnosed with Legionnaires' disease was presented. Serologic dynamics of antibodies to the organism confirmed the diagnoses (anti-Legionella pneumophila). In this case serologic tests were used in Poland for the first time.
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PMID:[Legionnaires' pneumonia. Remarks related to a case]. 950 67

To study a possibility of infection with Legionella at gardening by inhaling of water aerosolized at sprinkling of plants, samples of tap water used for sprinkling of plants grown in outdoor gardens and in greenhouses in the Lublin province (eastern Poland) were examined for the presence of Legionella, along with the samples of soil, artificial medium and air collected in modern greenhouses. The strains of Legionella were isolated from 8 out of 36 samples of water (22.2%) collected from outdoor taps used for sprinkling plants cultivated in outdoor gardens, and from 5 out of 20 samples of water (25.0%) collected from indoor taps used for sprinkling of plants cultivated in traditional greenhouses or foil tunnels. Both in the samples collected from outdoor and indoor taps Legionella pneumophila 2-14 was more common than Legionella spp. (respectively 13.9% vs. 8.3%, and 15.0% vs. 10.0%). No legionellae were found in 18 samples of tap water, 14 samples of soil, 14 samples of artificial medium or 6 samples of air collected in modern greenhouses. The results of this preliminary study suggest that water aerosolized at sprinkling of plants represents a potential source of Legionella infection among gardeners.
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PMID:Legionella in sprinkling water as a potential occupational risk factor for gardeners. 1249 98

Legionellosis became a notifiable disease in Poland in January 1st 2002; however, research on Legionella infection started earlier. Our study of laboratory methods for investigation Legionella infecting humans and waters brought some knowledge on Legionella infections in Poland. The aim of the publication is to present up-to-date findings concerning epidemiology and laboratory methods for surveillance of Legionella infections in European countries and of our own laboratory experience on surveillance of Legionella infections in Poland as well as some retrospective data on the research on Legionella. For the first time Legionella was described in Poland as amoebic pathogen in 1954. In the present investigation the level of water contamination by Legionella in buildings of different institutions was examined. The strains of Legionella pneumophila sg 2-14 were found in 30-100% of water samples collected from hotels, banks, factories and inhabited houses. The level of antibodies to antigens of L. pneumophila sg 1 measured in over 500 serum samples of healthy persons by microagglutination test indicated that titre 256 found in the serum of patient confirm legionellosis. The serological tests were also used for epidemiological studies in an outbreak of legionellosis in Poland. Altogether 403 specimens from hospitalised patients send by hospitals all over the country were diagnosed and 19 were found positive for Legionella infection. The further research on legionellosis is needed.
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PMID:[Legionellosis--a new infection in Poland]. 1266 82

Legionnaires' disease is an infectious disease under the internationally approved surveillance agreed by members of European Working Group on Legionella Infections EWGLI. Data over 12,000 cases of legionnaires' disease from 28 countries are included in European data set for years 1993-2000. The overall incidence rate for Europe in 2000 was evaluated as 5,4 cases per million population. The cases was registered as community-acquired, nosocomial or travel often foreign travel associated. Most 2,799 (70.7%) of the cases in 1999-2001 were confirmed by detection of Legionella antigens in urine of patients or by serological findings 205 (18.1%); in them seroconversion was found in 9.5% and high titer in single serum specimen in 8.6% of cases. Culture proven were only 109 (9.6%) cases, and 1.6% of cases by other methods, PCR included. In Poland in 1997 the laboratory examination of samples for diagnosis of Legionella infections started in National Institute of Hygiene. In 2001-2002 the 290 samples were examined. Five cases were laboratory confirmed, but the results of 16 specimen examined was only presumptive positive and for 8 samples equivocal. In comparison with other european countries the number of examined samples is still much to small to find legionnaires' disease cases. The minimum 220 cases by year may be expected in Poland. To find such number the examination of antigenuria should be performed in patients with pneumonia hospitalised in intensive care units because of acute respiratory insufficiency.
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PMID:[Legionellosis in Poland in 2001-2002 and epidemiological situation in Europe]. 1502 34

A total of 107 potable water samples were collected from various rural and urban sources located in the Lublin region (eastern Poland). 54 samples from rural sources comprised 32 samples of untreated well water and 22 samples of treated (chlorinated) tap water from rural dwellings distributed by the municipal water supply system (MWSS). 53 samples of treated water from urban sources were supplied by the city of Lublin MWSS. They comprised: 11 samples of tap water from offices and shops, 8 samples of tap water from dwellings, 19 samples from showerheads in health care units, and 15 samples from the outlets of medical appliances used for hydrotherapy in a rehabilitation centre. Water samples were examined for the presence and species composition of Legionella, Yersinia, Gram-negative bacteria belonging to family Enterobacteriaceae (GNB-E) and Gram-negative bacteria not belonging to family Enterobacteriaceae (GNB-NE), by filtering through cellulose filters and culture on respectively GVPC, CIN, EMB and tryptic soya agar media. Legionella was recovered from samples of well water, tap water from rural dwellings, tap water from urban dwellings, and water from medical appliances - with the isolation frequency of 27.8-50.0 %, and the low concentrations ranging from 0.7-13.3 x 10 (1) cfu/l. No Legionella strains were detected in tap water from offices and shops, and in water from showerheads in health care units. Strains of the Legionella pneumophila types 2-14 predominated, forming 89.9 % of total Legionella isolates, while other species of Legionella formed 10.1 %. Neither Legionella pneumophila type 1 strains nor Yersinia strains were isolated from the examined water samples. The isolation frequency and mean concentration of GNB-E in water samples from rural sources was significantly greater than in water samples from urban sources (respectively 61.1 % vs. 20.8 %, 17.1 vs. 3.4 x 10(1) cfu/l, p < 0.001). Isolation frequency of GNB-NE in water samples from rural sources was significantly greater compared to that from urban sources (77.8 % vs. 47.2 %, p < 0.01), but there was no significant difference in the concentration of GNB-NE in both sample sets. A significant correlation was found between concentrations of Legionella and GNB-NE for total MWSS water samples (p < 0.001), but not for the total well water samples. Altogether 34 GNB-E and GNB-NE species and/or genera were identified in the examined samples, out of which 21 were potentially pathogenic. Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Serratia spp., and Pantoea agglomerans were most common among GNB-E, while Acinetobacter spp. and species of Pseudomonadaceae family predominated among GNB-NE.
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PMID:Legionella and other gram-negative bacteria in potable water from various rural and urban sources. 1719 9

Legionellosis is a notified disease in Poland since 2001, but laboratory diagnostic methods were introduced even earlier, in 1997. In 2005 the 21 cases of legionellosis were reported in Poland, the incidence rate was 0.055 /100,000. The increasing trend in incidence rate was due to an active cooperation with some hospital staff and financial support from Polish Committee of Research Activity. All cases were laboratory diagnosed in National Institute of Hygiene, the only place where laboratory tests are performed. Most of the cases were diagnosed with serological tests -determination with ELISA test the anti-legionella antibodies in IgM fraction as the most recent reaction for Legionella infection, few by detection of legionella antigen in urine. All BAL specimens from several patients were negative when examined with culture method, but some were positive with PCR only. Since 1987 to 2005 the 15 foreign tourists were registered in EU countries as probably infected in Poland. Epidemiological investigation with the examination of water system for Legionella sp., cleaning and disinfection (if needed) was done in suspected hotels.
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PMID:[Legionellosis in Poland in 2005]. 1795 37

A total of 67 samples of tap water were collected from faucets and showerheads in 6 hospitals located in the Lublin province (eastern Poland). The samples were examined for the presence and species composition of Legionella, Gram-negative bacteria belonging to family Enterobacteriaceae (GNB-E) and Gram-negative bacteria not belonging to family Enterobacteriaceae (GNB-NE), by filtering through cellulose filters and culture on respectively GVPC, EMB and tryptic soya agar media. On average, Legionella was isolated from 65.7% of the water samples taken in hospitals. Strains of the Legionella pneumophila types 2-14 predominated, forming 74.6% of total Legionella isolates. Legionella pneumophila type 1 strains constituted 13.5% of the total count, while other species of Legionella (referred to as Legionella spp.) formed 11.9% of the total. The concentrations of Legionella in positive water samples ranged from 3-350 cfu/100 ml. GNB-E were not found in the examined water samples. GNB-NE were isolated from 79.1% of the water samples taken in hospitals in the concentrations 11-300 cfu/100 ml. Species of the family Pseudomonadaceae predominated among GNB-NE strains isolated from the examined water samples, forming on average 71.5% of the total count. Altogether, 20 GNB-NE species were identified in the examined samples, out of which 12 were potentially pathogenic. In conclusion, Gram-negative flora of water samples taken in the examined hospitals complies with potable water sanitary standards by the lack of Enterobacteriaceae species, but creates a moderate health risk because of mediocre concentrations of Legionella and the presence of potentially pathogenic non-enterobacterial species.
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PMID:Gram-negative bacteria in water distribution systems of hospitals. 1858 92

In 2006 the 89 cases and in 2005 the 21 cases of legionellosis were reported in Poland, the incidence rate was respectively 0.23 and 0.055/100 000. Legionellosis is a notified disease in Poland since 2002, but laboratory diagnostic methods were introduced even earlier, in 1997. The increasing trend in incidence rate was due to an active cooperation with some hospital staff and financial support from Polish Committee of Research Activity. The first time nosocomial Legionella infections were observed in Poland. The outbreak occurred among patients of ophthalmic ward. Five cases with pneumonia were examined by laboratory methods: for two the diagnose was confirmed, for two were presumptive, for one was not confirmed. Three persons died (two with diagnose presumptive, one with confirmed). Every registered case was laboratory examined in National Institute of Hygiene, the only place where laboratory tests were performed. Most of the cases were diagnosed with serological tests--determination with ELISA test the anti-legionella antibodies in IgM fraction as the most recent answer for Legionella infection, few by detection of legionella antigen in urine. All BAL specimens from several patients were negative when examined with culture method, but some were positive with PCR only. Since 1987 to 2006 the 17 foreign tourists were registered in EU countries as probably infected in Poland. Epidemiological investigation with the examination of water system for Legionella sp., cleaning and disinfection (if needed) was done in suspected hotels.
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PMID:[Legionellosis in Poland in 2006]. 1880 67

Legionella pneumophila is an important causative agent of pneumonia in humans which is difficult to diagnose because the signs and symptoms are nonspecific and do not distinguish Legionella infection from other common causes of pneumonia. Currently, the diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease is based on phenotyping (culture, antibody detection in human sera, antigen detection in urine) and genotyping methods such as PCR (polymerase chain reaction). This review focuses on current diagnostic tests for surveillance of Legionella pneumophila infections in Poland.
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PMID:[Microbiological diagnosis of respiratory infections caused by Legionella pneumophila]. 2016 19

The clinical manifestations (both symptoms and signs) of infections of respiratory tract disease are limited and not specific to the cause. However, there is no universal approach, and good clinical judgment is often essential. Most people have approximately three colds per year, of which 70% result from viral origin. It should be stressed that a confident diagnosis of pneumonia is difficult outside the hospital. Very often the most important clinical questions are whether an antibiotic should be prescribed and should the patient be admitted to the hospital. A wide range of microbial pathogens can cause pulmonary infection. When bacteria are present, Haemophillus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Moraxella catarrhalis are most frequently found. For some patients atypical pathogens like Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophilla pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophilla are also important. The role for microbial investigations has yet to be determined, but in most cases this may be needed only when the patient fails to respond to initial therapy. An approach to the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary infections in Poland is presented in this study.
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PMID:[Progress in ambulatory practice for pulmonary infections in adults]. 2161 48


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