Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023241 (Legionella)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors analyze the causes of lingering fever in patients with pulmonary infiltrations. The given phenomenon is most often caused by pneumonias provoked by unusual causative agents (Legionella, Rickettsia, Mycoplasma). In such cases, administration of erythromycin is effective. In rare cases, lingering fever is induced by blocked pulmonary suppurations, pleural exudates in pneumonia patients, and infiltrative tuberculosis. Besides, there were cases, in which fever was of drug etiology.
 ...
PMID:[The causes of prolonged fever in patients with infiltrative lung processes]. 144 Feb 72

Since 1988 the Frankfurt City Health Department examined the hot water systems of all public indoor swimming pools, old age homes and hospitals, and made subsequent checks on the corrective measures introduced. In the 6 public indoor swimming pools the percentage of positive legionella findings, after corrective measures has dropped since 1988: at the central hot-water supply units from 47% to 23%, and at the peripheral tap connections from 66% to 22%. The number of negative samples rose from 43% to 77%. Thus the favourable effect of the corrective measures is demonstrated. Since 1988 samples have been taken from the shower water at old age homes. An increase in negative findings could be shown (from 58% to 70%). From 1990, however, an increase of high-level legionella contamination (> 10,000 Legionella colonies per litre) was detected as well. In one home with a generally high legionella contamination level (up to 75,000 legionella colonies per litre) an investigation of the legionella antibodies was done in the blood of 44 residents whose medical history included fever or bronchial symptoms. In no case a previous infection could be demonstrated. However, there was one patient with a definite legionella pneumonia in the home: this patient usually had been showering for at least 20 minutes a day. Legionella were found in the hot water systems of 16 of the 17 hospitals in Frankfurt. In 1991 more than half to the 204 samples were legionella positive. 5% of the samples had legionella contamination levels of more than 100,000 per litre. Corrective measures have been taken.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Legionella contamination in warm water systems of a large German city]. 145 May 50

Important changes in the initial management of community-acquired pneumonia have been prompted by the discovery of new respiratory pathogens, the changing susceptibility of traditional pathogens to antimicrobial agents, and the introduction of new antimicrobial agents. Although the clinical presentation may suggest a specific pathogen, findings overlap too much to reliably distinguish the specific cause of the pneumonia on a clinical basis. Useful laboratory studies include Gram's stain and culture of sputum, blood culture, serologic studies, and new tests such as the urinary antigen test for Legionella pneumophila. Empirical antimicrobial treatment must take into consideration that 20% to 30% of cases of community-acquired pneumonia are due to atypical pathogens that are not susceptible to beta-lactam agents.
 ...
PMID:Community-acquired pneumonia. The changing picture. 145 67

We reviewed the chest radiographs and clinical data of 30 patients in an intensive care unit with legionellosis diagnosed by significant serological findings (n = 18), microscopic demonstration of the organism in the transtracheal aspirate (n = 5) or both (n = 7) and investigated the correlation between the identification of Legionella and signs of pulmonary infection. In 13 patients legionnaires' disease was diagnosed with a high degree of confidence. Typical radiographic findings included distal air space disease, which initially appeared to be unilateral, progressing towards bilateral infiltrates. Patchy infiltration at the onset of disease was followed by consolidation. Small pleural effusions were common, while no abscess formation was observed. Characteristically, infiltration persisted for weeks even with clinical convalescence. These radiological findings correspond well with observations in otherwise healthy patients with legionnaire's disease. In 10 patients the etiology of pulmonary infiltrates could not be identified. Seven patients did not develop radiological or clinical signs of pneumonia; therefore, the serological/microscopic detection of Legionella was not interpreted as legionnaires' disease. According to the results of our investigation the diagnosis of legionnaires' disease requires radiological findings in addition to laboratory data.
 ...
PMID:[Legionnaires' disease in intensive care patients. Results of plain film thoracic radiography]. 146 80

Legionella pneumophila is responsible for up to 5% of cases of community-acquired pneumonia and mainly affects people aged over 50 years. The confirmation of legionellosis in two elderly patients living close to each other prompted a search for other cases. A total of eleven subjects with legionnaires' disease was recognized. The clinical findings are described and the diagnosis of legionellosis is discussed. Environmental investigations pointed to a cooling tower in the local town centre as the probable source of infection.
 ...
PMID:Legionnaires' disease in elderly people: the first sign of an outbreak in the community? 147 85

The activities of fleroxacin against 22 clinical Legionella isolates were determined by agar and broth microdilution susceptibility testing. The fleroxacin MIC required to inhibit 90% of strains tested on buffered charcoal yeast extract agar medium supplemented with 0.1% alpha-ketoglutarate was 0.64 micrograms/ml and was 0.04 microgram/ml when testing was done with buffered yeast extract broth supplemented with 0.1% alpha-ketoglutarate. Fleroxacin (0.25 microgram/ml) reduced the bacterial counts of two L. pneumophila strains grown in guinea pig alveolar macrophages by 1 log10 CFU/ml, but regrowth occurred over a 3-day period; fleroxacin was significantly more active than erythromycin in this assay. Single-dose (10 mg/kg of body weight given intraperitoneally) pharmacokinetic studies performed in guinea pigs with L. pneumophila pneumonia revealed peak levels in plasma and lungs to be 3.3 micrograms/ml and 3.5 micrograms/g, respectively, at 0.5 h and 0.8 microgram/ml and 0.8 microgram/g, respectively, at 1 h. The half-life of the terminal phase of elimination from plasma and lung was approximately 2 h. All 17 infected guinea pigs treated with fleroxacin (10 mg/kg/day) for 2 days survived for 14 days post-antimicrobial therapy, as did all 16 guinea pigs treated with the same dose of fleroxacin for 5 days. Only 1 of 16 animals treated with saline survived. The animals treated with fleroxacin for 2 days lost more weight and had higher temperatures than those treated with the antibiotic for 5 days. Fleroxacin is effective against L. pneumophila in vitro and in a guinea pig model of Legionnaires' disease. Fleroxacin should be evaluated as a treatment for human Legionnaires' disease.
 ...
PMID:In vitro activities of fleroxacin against clinical isolates of Legionella spp., its pharmacokinetics in guinea pigs, and use to treat guinea pigs with L. pneumophila pneumonia. 148 82

To evaluate the activity of co-amoxiclav (amoxycillin/clavulanic acid) against Legionella pneumophila in vivo, a model of L. pneumophila pneumonia was developed in weanling rats rendered leukopenic by pre-administration of cyclophosphamide. Assessment of therapy was by lung bacterial counts and histological examination. Amoxycillin was ineffective in reducing bacterial counts in the lungs of infected rats, whereas erythromycin, the standard agent, was significantly more effective (P < 0.01). Co-amoxiclav and erythromycin, administered parenterally, produced significant bactericidal effects (P < 0.01), reducing the counts of L. pneumophila strain 1624 at 96 h to 1.2 log10 cfu/lungs compared with counts of 6 log10 cfu/lungs in the untreated animals. Clavulanic acid was also highly effective in preventing development of the infection, and was as efficacious as co-amoxiclav. Because of the significant reduction in bacterial numbers, a marked reduction in inflammation and consolidation of lung tissue was seen in rats treated with erythromycin, clavulanic acid or co-amoxiclav. The activity of co-amoxiclav was no greater than clavulanic acid alone, and no synergy was noted between the two components. When therapy was delayed until 48 h after infection, co-amoxiclav was as effective as erythromycin, with both treatments reducing bacterial numbers to 3.3 and 3.6 log10 cfu/lungs by 96 h, after only two days of therapy, in comparison with non-treated rats (5.6 log10 cfu/lungs). In a prolonged infection, produced by extending the period of leucopenia, co-amoxiclav and erythromycin were equally effective in preventing growth of the organism, with 1.5 and 1.6 log10 cfu/lungs, respectively, present at 96 h, in contrast to the non-treated rats with 5.7 log10 cfu/lungs (P < 0.01). After cessation of therapy, regrowth of L. pneumophila occurred in the erythromycin-treated group to such a degree that by 168 h, lung viable counts from these rats were significantly higher (4.8 log10 cfu/lungs) than in co-amoxiclav-treated rats (2.1 log10 cfu/lungs) (P < 0.05). Oral therapy of this infection with erythromycin or clavulanic acid, either alone or in combination with amoxycillin, resulted in counts of 3.3, 3.6 and 3.5 log10 cfu/lungs at 96 h, respectively. Although oral therapy was significantly less effective than parenteral therapy (P < 0.05), the bacterial counts in the treated groups were significantly lower than in the non-treated animals. The data show that co-amoxiclav displayed bactericidal activity consistently against intracellular L. pneumophila in vivo.
 ...
PMID:Bactericidal effects of co-amoxiclav (amoxycillin clavulanic acid) against a Legionella pneumophila pneumonia in the immunocompromised weanling rat. 149 Sep 22

A neonatal case of legionnaires' disease (LD) is reported. A male neonate was admitted to our hospital with high fever and dyspnea, which had started 5 days after birth, and died due to severe pneumonia at 10 days old. An autopsy revealed small areas of granular consolidation scattered diffusely in the bilateral lungs. Microscopic examination of the lungs showed mainly lobularly distributed pneumonia. Extensive exudation of macrophages and neutrophils was observed in the terminal respiratory tract and alveolar spaces. Warthin-Starry and Gimenez staining and electron microscopy detected many coccobacilli in the cytoplasm of exudated macrophages and neutrophils. Immunofluorescence staining using antiserum against Legionella pneumophila, serogroup 1, showed a positive reaction. Bacteriological examinations of aspirate from the respiratory tract and autopsied lung tissue confirmed the presence of Legionella pneumophila, serogroup 1. Extrapulmonary LD was not detected. LD usually affects aged or immunocompromised hosts, but there was no evidence of immune deficiency in this case. Pediatric cases of LD have rarely been reported, and a survey of the literature revealed few neonatal cases. The present case may alert neonatologists and other medical personnel to the possibility of neonatal LD infection.
 ...
PMID:Neonatal Legionnaires' disease. Histopathological findings in an autopsied neonate. 150 3

A strain of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 14 was isolated during a retrospective study, after death from the sputum of a patient who had had acute leukaemia and pneumonia. This is the third strain of that serogroup to be isolated from a human source. This event emphasises the importance of performing culture as well as serological tests, so as to detect cases of legionellosis caused by strains which rarely cause fatal clinical illness.
 ...
PMID:Isolation of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 14 from a human source. 151 67

Chlamydia and Legionella are recognized causes of atypical pneumonia. A case of pneumonia due to Chlamydia psittaci/TWAR and Legionella bozemanii following renal transplantation is described. Legionella bozemanii infection was diagnosed by a rise in antibodies and by isolation of the organism from bronchoscopy specimens. It is unusual to find pneumonia caused concomitantly by two such agents. This case, despite the fatal outcome, emphasises the necessity for a comprehensive approach to the diagnosis of atypical pneumonia, including culture for Legionella, especially in immunocompromised patients.
 ...
PMID:Pneumonia due to Legionella bozemanii and Chlamydia psittaci/TWAR following renal transplantation. 152 25


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>