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Query: UMLS:C0023241 (Legionella)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) technique was developed to detect IgG and IgM-specific antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The presence of IgM-specific mycoplasma antibody was interpreted as reflecting active infection in patients with atypical pneumonia or other clinically compatible illness. The procedure is suitable for use in routine clinical laboratories, correlated well with complement fixation test results and did not show cross reaction with Legionella pneumophila antibody. The ready availability of an acute-phase procedure for diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection permits therapeutic judgments based on testing of the acute serum sample.
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PMID:Acute-phase, indirect fluorescent antibody procedure for diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. 634 45

A comparison was made of the indirect immunofluorescence assay and microagglutination in the diagnosis of infections caused by Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1. Control sera consisted of 709 sera from patients without pneumonia and 99 sera from patients with Mycoplasma or Chlamydia infection. The 468 test sera were from 51 patients with serologically confirmed or suspected Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 infection, and from 230 patients with pneumonia of unknown aetiology. There was good agreement between the results of the two methods for detection of antibodies to Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1. However, contrary to what is currently reported in the literature, microagglutination was the more sensitive method in this study, especially if the first serum samples were compared. The detection of IgM by microagglutination probably explains this increased sensitivity.
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PMID:Comparison of microagglutination with the indirect immunofluorescence assay for the diagnosis of infection with Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1. 635 14

An antigen prepared with agar-grown Legionella pneumophila group 1 killed by 0.5% phenol and suspended in 0.5% yolk sac was examined for use in the indirect immunofluorescence test for legionellosis and compared with a heat-killed antigen. The serological results of the two antigens for single and paired sera agreed well. Morphological and staining characteristics were better for phenol-treated organisms. Electron microscopy observation showed an apparently well-preserved cell surface. The background antibody level among a healthy control population was very low (3.4% with titers of greater than or equal to 16). Sera of patients with gram-negative bacteria infections (Yersinia enterocolytica, Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Brucella melitensis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Coxiella burnetti, and Chlamydia psittaci) showed no cross-reactions with the phenol-killed antigen. The data suggest that phenol-killed antigen is sensitive and specific. This antigen is stable for at least 1 year.
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PMID:Comparison of phenol- and heat-killed antigens in the indirect immunofluorescence test for serodiagnosis of Legionella pneumophila group 1 infections. 638 81

A previously well 56 year-old woman presented with an adult respiratory distress syndrome which worsened under penicillin treatment, responding only to erythromycin and rifampicin, as well as CPAP ventilation. Diagnostic serology was positive to Chlamydia psittaci. Psittacosis is not a frequent cause of primary extensive pneumonia in intensive care units; other diseases should be looked for in the presence of these non-specific clinical and biological pictures (Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae). Pneumocystis should also be looked for in a typical pneumonia; erythromycin is the antibiotic of first choice in the treatment of primary extensive pneumonia.
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PMID:[Severe Chlamydia psittaci pneumopathy in an adult]. 639 29

From January to April 1980 46 young adults with cystic fibrosis were studied for evidence of infection with a wide variety of microorganisms, including viruses and Legionella pneumophila. Two groups of patients were investigated: a "deteriorated" group of 24 patients who had experienced an increase in lower respiratory tract symptoms and fall in lung function values in the course of one month before the start of the study and a "stable" group of 22 patients with no such deterioration. All serological tests were repeated at one month and then one year after the beginning of the study. A fourfold rise in titres of antibodies to various viruses, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Coxiella burnetii was obtained in seven (29%) of the deteriorated group but in only one (4.5%) of the stable group (p less than 0.05). One other patient showed a fourfold rise in L pneumophila antibody titre (on the basis of the indirect fluorescent antibody test), which was accompanied by a respiratory illness consistent with legionnaires' disease. Eight of the 46 patients (17.4%) had demonstrable titres of antibody against L pneumophila (1/32 or above).
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PMID:Importance of viruses and Legionella pneumophila in respiratory exacerbations of young adults with cystic fibrosis. 642 78

Like in any infection, the choice of antibacterials in pulmonary infections of known bacterial etiology is simple. When etiology is not known, the choice must rest upon knowledge of the epidemiology of lower respiratory infections and the antibacterial spectrum of the antibiotics in question. The epidemiology of community-acquired lower respiratory infections is not too well studied. However, some studies indicate that approximately 50% of lower respiratory infections are caused by bacteria among which Streptococcus pneumoniae prevails, followed by Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococci, Branhamella catarrhalis and other Neisseria species, staphylococci and Enterobacteriaceae account for less than 10% each. The prevalence of Legionella pneumophila is unknown, but it is of limited significance. Mycoplasma pneumoniae varies in prevalence according to time and geographic area. In acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, the epidemiology is similar, except that H. influenzae is more commonly found than pneumococci. The traditional strong position of penicillin in the blind, primary treatment of community-acquired lower respiratory infections is challenged by the increasing frequency of penicillin-resistant H. influenzae and the discovery of new agents not sensitive to penicillins. The same can be said for the more recently introduced primary treatment with erythromycin. However, most community-acquired infections in the lower respiratory tract respond to penicillin; tetracycline or erythromycin may be used for treatment when the clinical response is unsatisfactory. In patients who are known or suspected to have compromised host defense, beta-lactams such as ureido-penicillins and the new cephalosporins should be used as primary therapy. In hospital-acquired lower respiratory tract infections, the etiological diagnosis is more likely to be made.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Beta-lactam antibiotics in lower respiratory tract infections. 659 58

From 15 to 21 August 1981, Pontiac fever affected 317 automobile assembly plant workers. Results of serologic tests were negative for Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, respiratory tract viruses, and previously described legionellae. A gram-negative, rod-shaped organism (WO-44C) that did not grow on blood agar, required L-cysteine for growth, and contained large amounts of branched-chain fatty acids was isolated from a water-based coolant. The organism did not react with antisera against other legionellae, and on DNA hybridization the organism was less than 10% related to other Legionella species. Geometric mean titers found by indirect fluorescent antibody testing to WO-44C were significantly higher in ill employees than in controls (p = 0.0001). Attack rates by department decreased linearly with the department's distance from the implicated coolant system. The etiologic agent apparently was a new Legionella species; we propose the name Legionella feeleii species nova (AATC 35072). This is the first outbreak of nonpneumonic legionellosis in which the etiologic agent is not L. pneumophila, serogroup 1.
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PMID:A new Legionella species, Legionella feeleii species nova, causes Pontiac fever in an automobile plant. 669 54

Strep. pneumoniae was diagnosed as the cause of pneumonia in 40 (50%) of 80 consecutive adults admitted to St Stephen's Hospital with community-acquired pneumonia. None of the patients had evidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, and Legionella pneumophila serology was positive on only one occasion. In 29 patients (36%) no causative organism was demonstrated. The diagnosis of pneumococcal infection was obtained in 15 cases by isolating Strep. pneumoniae from the sputum, in 13 further cases by demonstrating pneumococcal capsular antigen in sputum, and in 12 other cases by detecting pneumococcal antigen in serum only. Only 2 cases with pneumococcal pneumonia were bacteraemic and 3 patients (7%), all aged more than 75 years, died. The relatively low bacteraemic and mortality rates suggest that community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia currently seen in patients admitted to hospital in central London may not be so severe as in some other areas.
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PMID:Adult community-acquired pneumonia in central London. 674 77

We reviewed antibody titers to Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila serogroup I in sera from 1,060 cases of acute respiratory infection to determine whether there was an association in seroreactivity to these organisms. Of the 170 serum pairs with antibodies to L. pneumophila (35 seroconversions and 135 with presumptive titers), 32 (18.8%) demonstrated seroreactivity to M. pneumoniae (17 seroconversions and 15 with presumptive titers). This frequency was not significantly greater than the seroreactivity to M. pneumoniae observed in sera without antibodies to L. pneumophila (17.5%) (0.05 less than P less than 0.10), which included 111 seroconversions and 45 sera with presumptive titers.
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PMID:Seroreactivity to Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila: lack of a statistically significant relationship. 678 97

Out of 2,105 patients with atypical pneumonia and febrile infections 15 cases of legionellosis were diagnosed by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFA) in Austria from the middle of 1977 to the end of 1979. Among the patients with the diagnosis of atypical pneumonia Legionnaires' disease was found in 0.65%. Among those patients whose sera were examined because of suspected legionella infection the frequency was 1.96% (p less than 0.1). Therefore it may assumed that some symptoms of legionella infections may lead to the clinical diagnosis of the disease. Neither the geographical distribution of the cases nor environmental examinations nor the prevalence of antibodies gave any indication of an epidemic or hyperendemic occurrence of Legionnaires' disease in Austria. Low antibody titres to serogroup 1 of Legionella pneumophila (1:32-1:64) were found in 6.4%, higher titres (greater than or equal to 1:128) in 1.2% of all patients examined. Crossreactions of sera mainly occurred between antigens of serogroup 1 and serogroup 2. Antibodies to serogroups 3 and 4 were found seldom. According to our results crossreactivity between L. pneumophila on the one side and Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Chlamydia psittaci on the other side is of no importance and does not interfere with serological diagnosis. In serological routine examinations frequency of recent infections with L. pneumophila in patients with pneumonia was about as high as with Chlamydia psittaci or Picornavirus. To our opinion the expenditure for serological diagnosis is justified in all patients with severe pneumonia of unclear etiology as there exists the possibility of a purposive chemotherapy in legionellosis as it does in mycoplasma pneumonia or ornithosis. Moreover for quick diagnosis it should always be attempted to demonstrate the causative agent by direct immunofluorescence or by isolation.
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PMID:[Epidemiology and diagnosis of Legionella infections in Austria (author's transl)]. 679 7


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