Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023241 (Legionella)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Since 1987 warm water samples of public health facilities in Dresden were cultured for Legionellae. In 59 of 220 (26.8%) samples and in 15 of 20 facilities Legionella pneumophila was detected. Most frequently serogroups (SG) 1 (5 times), 6 (4 times), 8 (times) and 5 (twice) were found. By reason of the ubiquity of the aerogenic transmissible Legionellae, nosocomial legionellosis can occur at any time. Most legionellosis patients suffered from severe underlying diseases. Therefore the risk for immunocompetent staff should be assessed lower. In dentists who used Legionella-contaminated dental units we could demonstrate more frequently high antibody titers against Legionellae. Measures to eradicate Legionellae from air conditioning systems and hot water supplies are discussed.
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PMID:[Legionella in water of medical facilities--a hazard for patients and personnel?]. 239 55

Pulmonary affections in patients with legionellosis are the main ones. The affections of the heart, gastrointestinal tract and other organs and systems are less frequent. Some characteristic features of the legionellosis clinical process in the case described are indicated. The torpid process of chronic bronchitis, the two-phase pattern of the disease, dyspnea at 3-4 month intervals, intermissions, edema and failure of complex therapy with antibiotics and cardiac glycosides provided a tentative diagnosis of Legionella pneumonia with affection of the myocardium. The importance of early serological diagnosis (enzyme immunoassay) was shown. A new approach to the treatment of legionellosis with cefuroxime was of interest.
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PMID:[A case of successful antibiotic therapy of legionnaires' disease with lesions of the lungs and heart]. 240 Feb 94

Sera from 252 patients with community-acquired pneumonia were examined for the presence of antibodies to 15 antigens of 7 Legionella spp. by indirect immunofluorescent antibody testing. The sera had been collected as part of the British Thoracic Society/Public Health Laboratory Service study of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. We also examined sera from 20 patients with gram-negative sepsis. Using a limited range of antigens of L. pneumophila, nine cases of legionellosis were diagnosed in the original study. However, using antigens to other Legionella spp., we identified two further cases, caused by L. micdadei and L. gormanii respectively. Twenty-six other patients had titres of 16 or 32 to one or more antigens, most commonly L. bozemanii serogroup 1, L. micdadei and L. dumoffi. None of the patients with non-legionella pneumonia, however, had significant changes in legionella antibody titres. All of the patients with Gram-negative sepsis had titres of less than 16.
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PMID:Prevalance of antibodies to 15 antigens of Legionellaceae in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. 240 43

A collection of serum specimens from 77 patients at various hospitals or clinics in Israel was used to determine the usefulness of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a multivalent antigen for the detection of legionella antibodies. Rickettsial infection rather than legionellosis was suspected in most of these patients. The multivalent antigen was derived from Legionella pneumophila serogroups 1-6, L. bozemanii WIGA, and L. micdadei TATLOCK. A preliminary test of the multivalent antigen with specific rabbit antisera had shown that homologous reactions were not appreciably reduced in strength or specificity by the presence of the heterologous antigens. The results with the human sera revealed that 28 patients (36%) had reciprocal dilution titers greater than or equal to 1,280 and 43 (56%) had titers greater than or equal to 320. Tests with univalent antigens identified L. bozemanii as the only or principal antigen reacting with 13 of these sera. In contrast to the sera reacting with other legionella antigens, the great majority (11 of 13) of L. bozemanii-positive sera reacted also with Rickettsia typhi. The data suggest that most, but not all, reactions with L. bozemanii were elicited by a cross-reacting R. typhi antigen. These results were confirmed by cross-absorption tests.
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PMID:Prevalence of antibodies to Legionella species in a series of patients in Israel. 241 78

In a previous study, all convalescent-phase sera from patients with culture-confirmed legionellosis reacted on immunoblots with a Legionella genus-wide 58-kilodalton (kDa) protein antigen (J.S. Sampson, B.B. Plikaytis, and H.W. Wilkinson, J. Clin. Microbiol. 23:92-99, 1986). The present study was done to immunologically characterize and determine the diagnostic relevance of this purified antigen. The antigen was precipitated from enriched cell extracts with ammonium sulfate and purified by high-pressure liquid chromatography. High-titered rabbit antiserum produced to the purified protein was used to show its presence on immunoblots in the 60-kDa range in 38 Legionella serogroups, representing 23 species, and in 39 non-Legionella bacteria. The antiserum was made specific for Legionella strains by sequential absorptions with Bordetella pertussis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Pseudomonas fluorescens whole cells. Serum from legionellosis patients reacted with both specific and nonspecific epitopes. Results of indirect immunofluorescence experiments showed that neither specific nor nonspecific epitopes of the 60-kDa protein were surface exposed on Legionella cells and that cross-reactive epitopes were variably exposed on non-Legionella bacteria. The 60-kDa protein antigen should be useful in diagnostic tests for legionellosis if care is taken to expose cryptic epitopes and if the tests use or measure only the Legionella-specific epitopes.
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PMID:Purified 60-kilodalton Legionella protein antigen with Legionella-specific and nonspecific epitopes. 244 17

A survey of development of our knowledge about Legionnaires' disease since its detection to the first epidemics in Yugoslavia, is given. The etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinic and therapy of legionellosis are summarized. It is pointed out that the detection of Legionnaires' disease and successful fight against legionella infections require a close cooperation of clinicians, microbiologists, epidemiologists and corresponding technical experts. Their active attitude toward this disease is the basis of its prevention.
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PMID:[Legionnaires' disease--12 years later]. 249 Sep 98

Potential sources of Legionella spp. in a university hospital were investigated over 3 years in order to gain better understanding of the ecology and transmission of this organism to hospitalized patients. The survey highlighted the contamination of the hot water system with high concentrations of legionellas (up to 10(6) cfu 1(-1]. Legionella pneumophila serogroup 6 was predominant followed by L. pneumophila serogroup 10. Serogroup 1 and other species (L. longbeachae, L. micdadei) were rarely isolated. Serogroup 6 was also the predominant cause of nosocomial legionellosis in 15 sporadic cases in immunocompromised patients from 1981 to 1987. In light of this problem, several control measures were tried consecutively. A disinfection cycle with 6 ppm free chlorine failed to eradicate legionellas because of difficulties with the plumbing system. Raising the temperature in hot water tanks to 80 degrees C was effective locally, but mixer tanks where cold and hot water (60-65 degrees C) are mingled in order to achieve 45 degrees C became the principal reservoirs. Disconnecting the mixer tanks, maintaining a temperature of 60 degrees C in the heating tanks and accelerating the flow rate in the hot water system proved to be the most useful measures.
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PMID:Legionella spp. in a hospital hot water system: effect of control measures. 256 4

It has been suspected that the number of Legionella pneumophila infections is substantially higher than commonly reported, due to subclinical infections. We report a patient where the diagnosis of a legionella infection was made only because of a large-scale surveillance programme for legionellosis. The case demonstrates the possibility of legionellas being involved in lung disease though not necessarily causing overt legionellosis.
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PMID:Atypical legionellosis: isolation of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 from a patient with aspiration pneumonia. 256 12

A microbiological and epidemiological investigation at the Infectious Diseases Hospital in Turin, Italy, demonstrated Legionella pneumophila serogroup 3 at 10(2) to greater than 4 X 10(3) cfu l-1 from 24 of 32 hot water samples collected from hand-basins in six separate buildings. A sample taken from the public water supply, and a hot water sample (80 degrees C) collected from hot water tanks, did not yield legionellas. Legionella pneumophila serogroup 3 was found in samples taken at the first point of mixed hot and cold water (50 degrees C) at 3 X 10(2) cfu l-1. 12 of 26 samples from the shower-heads yielded 10(3) to 2.5 X 10(5) cfu l-1 and one of 12 water samples from oxygen bubble humidifiers tested yielded 1.6 X 10(4) cfu l-1. No other legionellas species or serogroups of Legionella pneumophila were isolated during the study. No cases of nosocomial pneumonia were detected among 3653 patients' records, nor was there serological evidence of Legionella infection in the 180 patients tested.
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PMID:Endemicity of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 3 in a hospital water supply. 256 58

In patients with microbiologically and clinically suspected Legionella caused pneumonia antigenuria was investigated by means of a direct two-site binding assay (ELISA) with polyclonal antibodies against Legionella (L.) pneumonia serogroup 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 and L. micdadei. By application of antibodies only against L. pneumonia serogroup 1 antigenuria was found in 27 of 66 patients (= 41%). The expanding of the used specificities of antibodies in 47 out of this cases resulted in an increase of positive urinary antigen findings from 38% to 55%. Possibilities and limits of the detection of antigenuria with regard to efficient and rapid diagnostics of legionellosis are discussed.
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PMID:[Diagnosis of Legionella pneumonia by detection of antigenuria using an enzyme immunoassay with 6 antibody specificities]. 261 11


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