Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023241 (Legionella)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Amoxycillin/clavulanic acid and clavulanic acid have been previously reported to demonstrate bactericidal activity in tissue culture studies against intracellular Legionella pneumophila. A rat model of legionellosis was therefore developed for the purpose of assessing the efficacy of these agents against L. pneumophila in vivo. Therapy by the subcutaneous route was started 12 h after infection when the majority of the bacteria observed in lavage fluid were residing in alveolar macrophages. Treatment with amoxycillin was ineffective in reducing the bacterial counts of L. pneumophila in lung homogenates whereas amoxycillin/clavulanic acid displayed bactericidal effects of the same order as the control antibiotic, erythromycin. Further in-vivo studies are planned to assess the clinical relevance of these findings.
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PMID:Bactericidal effects of amoxycillin/clavulanic acid against a Legionella pneumophila pneumonia in the weanling rat. 205 May 89

During the five-year period 1984-1988 we received 192 specimens from 180 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) for investigation of Legionella infection. The majority of specimens were bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids (84%), but tracheal suctions and lung tissue from autopsies were also examined. The diagnostic methods used were a direct immunofluorescence assay (DFA) for the detection of Legionella antigen, and culture on buffered charcoal yeast extract (BCYE-alpha) media. All specimens were also examined for the presence of other bacterial lung pathogens, and all BAL specimens additionally for Pneumocystis carinii and mycobacteria. Legionellosis was not found to be common among HIV-infected patients, as only six specimens (3%) from six patients were found positive by DFA, and no specimens were culture-positive for Legionella species. Dual infection with Legionella and P. carinii occurred in two patients. Clinical data of the six patients are presented, and currently used methods for diagnosing legionellosis are discussed.
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PMID:Legionellosis in patients with HIV infection. 207 6

We report on 20 cases of Legionnaires' Disease (LD) in heart transplant recipients during a two-year study. The overall frequency in this setting amounts thus to 17% (20/115). In contrast, the frequency of legionellosis in postoperative cardiac patients without immunosuppression was only 4.7% (4/84). Legionellosis was diagnosed by culture and/or antibody detection in ten (20) as well as by the detection of urinary antigens in all 20 patients. Only nine (20) patients developed pneumonia, whereas five patients presented with nodular infiltrates. The remaining six patients had moderate fever with no signs of lung infection. In contrast to the majority of patients with other underlying diseases, antigen shedding lasted for long periods in most transplant patients. In high risk patients the application of conventional diagnostic methods together with regular urinary antigen testings (i.e. twice a week) may be advantageous for the early diagnosis of Legionella infection.
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PMID:Legionellosis in heart transplant recipients. 207 9

A case of community-acquired pneumonia caused by Legionella dumoffii in a patient with hairy cell leukemia is described. Diagnosis was confirmed by isolation by culture of sputum and broncho-alveolar lavage specimens, positive direct fluorescent antibody stains, and antibody seroconversion from 1:16 (acute) to 1:4096 (six months). The blue white autofluorescence of the L. dumoffii colonies when viewed under ultraviolet light was particularly useful in preliminary identification. The patient recovered from his pneumonia after administration of erythromycin and rifampin. Legionella have been shown to multiply in monocytes and cell-mediated immunity appears to be the primary mechanism of host defense in man. Hairy cell leukemia is characterized by monocyte dysfunction and such patients have a predilection for infection by microbes that are controlled by cell-mediated defenses. We review other cases of community-acquired L. dumoffii pneumonia as well as other cases of Legionella infection in patients with hairy cell leukemia.
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PMID:Community-acquired pneumonia caused by Legionella dumoffii in a patient with hairy cell leukemia. 207 12

Clinicoroentgenological presentation of Legionella-induced pneumonia diagnosed in a pulmonological department of the Khabarovsk regional hospital is illustrated on 5 cases confirmed serologically. Sporadic legionellosis is characterized by: an acute onset simulating croupous pneumonia, a severe lingering course, ++semi-segmental type of infiltration, pleural involvement, drastic alterations of peripheral blood (leukocytosis shift to the left, accelerated ESR), resistance to penicillin, cephalosporin and aminoglycoside antibiotics in contract to erythromycin exhibiting a pronounced therapeutic effect.
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PMID:[Sporadic cases of Legionella pneumonia]. 208 36

A free-living amoeba identified as Hartmannella vermiformis was isolated from a water sample obtained during an investigation of nosocomial legionellosis. Hartmannella vermiformis is known to support the intracellular multiplication of Legionella pneumophila. This strain of H. vermiformis, designated CDC-19, was cloned and established in axenic culture to develop a model for the study of the pathogenicity of legionellae. Isoenzyme patterns of axenically-cultivated strain CDC-19 were compared with two strains of H. vermiformis derived from the type strain, one axenic (ATCC 50236) and the other grown in the presence of bacteria (ATCC 30966). Enzyme patterns suggested that all three strains are assignable to the species H. vermiformis. Axenic H. vermiformis strain CDC-19 has been deposited with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 50237) and should prove useful in the study of protozoan-bacterial interaction.
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PMID:Characterization of an axenic strain of Hartmannella vermiformis obtained from an investigation of nosocomial legionellosis. 208 87

Legionella anisa and the amoeba Hartmannella vermiformis were isolated from an indoor fountain implicated as the infectious reservoir in an outbreak of Pontiac fever. We evaluated the ability of this strain of L. anisa to multiply in cultures of an amoeba (H. vermiformis), a ciliated protozoan (Tetrahymena pyriformis), and human mononuclear cells and to infect guinea pigs. These bacteria multiplied in the culture of H. vermiformis but failed to infect guinea pigs or the cultures of T. pyriformis and human mononuclear cells. These findings suggest that some Legionella spp. may multiply only in specific protozoan hosts. The inability of this strain of L. anisa to multiply in human phagocytic cells may be related to the development of Pontiac fever rather than pneumonic legionellosis in exposed individuals. Further studies are necessary to determine whether the ability of legionellae to infect certain host cells can be correlated to differences in human disease.
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PMID:Virulence of a Legionella anisa strain associated with Pontiac fever: an evaluation using protozoan, cell culture, and guinea pig models. 211 80

Endogenous phosphorylation of specific proteins in eukaryotic cells is one of the main mechanisms controlling intracellular metabolic processes. It is proposed that microorganisms multiplying intracellularly possess ways of changing cellular metabolism to benefit their survival. The detection and partial purification of a phosphokinase system in pulmonary cells with acceptor proteins of molecular masses 150 and 55 kDa is reported. It is also shown that the bacterium Legionella pneumophila, a facultative intracellular parasite, secretes a toxic protein, cytolysin, that cleaves the 55 kDa component to produce a 45 kDa protein and probably hydrolyzes the 150 kDa component completely. Thus far, the significance of cytolysin in the pathogenesis of legionellosis has been restricted to its direct necrotic action. This product may, however, also act as a regulator of metabolic processes in the host cells by influencing their protein kinase activity. The findings reported may aid our understanding of mechanisms of intracellular parasitism and the survival strategy of pathogenic bacteria.
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PMID:Action of Legionella cytolysin on components of the phosphokinase system of eukaryotic cells. 213 66

The epidemic outbreak of Legionella infection at two industrial enterprises during the period of July-August 1988 is described. The results of the epidemiological study, the clinical course and the serological diagnosis of the outbreak are presented. For the first time in the USSR a new form of the disease has been described at the territory of Georgia. This form, named Legionella fever, is manifested mainly by skin eruptions.
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PMID:[Cases of legionellosis infection in Tbilisi]. 213 35

The results of the clinico-laboratory study of 12 cases of acute pneumonia of Legionella etiology are presented. The laboratory diagnosis of Legionella infection was carried out by the study of paired sera in the passive hemagglutination test with the use of Legionella pneumophila (serotype 1) erythrocyte diagnosticum. The clinical picture of pneumonia was characterized by a severe and moderate course of the disease. Characteristic symptoms indicating the presence of indurations and infiltrations in the lung tissue were registered. Roentgenological examination revealed that the foci of pulmonary tissue infiltration appeared in the segments of the lower lobes of both lungs. In 6 patients neutrophil leukopenia, in 4 patients relative lymphocytopenia, in 5 patients monocytopenia, in 11 patients the increase of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and in 4 patients normochromic anemia were registered. More seldom changes in the levels of residual nitrogen, urea, fibrinogen and transaminases were observed. In most cases the resolution of pneumonia was observed on weeks 2-3 of treatment. In this treatment erythromycin, rifampicin and oleandomycin, used in combination, used in combination with detoxication and infusion therapy, vitamins, vascular and other symptomatic remedies, proved to be most effective. The cases of Legionella infection under study were sporadic and epidemiologically unrelated. The severity of the course of the disease depended mainly on the general state of the patient prior to infection, age and concomitant diseases.
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PMID:[The clinical picture of legionnaires' disease]. 215 52


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