Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023241 (Legionella)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A crude extract of Escherichia coli O13:K92:H4 inhibited 97% of positive indirect immunofluorescence titers against a variety of gram-negative bacterial antigens while lowering Legionella pneumophila titers in only 6% of sera from patients with suspected legionellosis. Legionella-specific titers were the result of immunoglobulins G, M, and A, singly or in combination.
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PMID:Measure of immunoglobulin G-, M-, and A-specific titers against Legionella pneumophila and inhibition of titers against nonspecific, gram-negative bacterial antigens in the indirect immunofluorescence test for legionellosis. 39 23

Pontiac fever affected ten men who had cleaned a steam turbine condenser with compressed air. Previous epidemics of Pontiac fever and Legionnaires' disease--both caused by Legionella Pneumophila (proposed sp. nov.)--involved "airborne spread" from air-conditioning cooling towers or evaporative condensers. Aerosols of contaminated water in heat-rejection systems appear to be important sources of epidemic legionellosis.
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PMID:Nonpneumonic, short-incubation-period Legionellosis (Pontiac fever) in men who cleaned a steam turbine condenser. 46 75

The Working Party for Legionellosis headed by the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare processed to standardize the diagnostic procedures for Legionella pneumonia, as the first step to clarify the actual occurrence of patients with this respiratory disease. All the clinical data were collected and analysed on the 28 culture-confirmed patients in Japan during the past 11 years, from 1980 through 1990. The 28 patients were distributed throughout Japan, from Hokkaido to Kyushu. Out of 28 patients, 18 were community-acquired and 10 were nosocomially infected. In 8 of 18 community-acquired patients, any significant underlying disease was not observed. Though it was dominant in the age group in their 60s & 70s, victims were distributed in adults over 20 years of age and even in a new born baby. Only 5 out of 28 patients recovered successfully. From the autopsy findings, in 5 out of the remaining 23 expired patients, Legionella pneumonia seemed to be successfully treated, but other disease or other bacterial pneumonia put an end to the patients. The results of clinical laboratory tests and the efficacy of antibiotics to Legionella pneumonia were essentially the same as those reported in the literature.
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PMID:[Culture-positive Legionella pneumonia in Japan, 1980-1990. Working Party for Legionellosis, Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare]. 129 51

Because of the ubiquity of Legionella isolates in aquatic habitats, epidemiologic evaluation of Legionella pneumophila strains is important in the investigation and subsequent control of nosocomial outbreaks of legionellosis. In this study, ribotyping and restriction enzyme analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were used to compare isolates of L. pneumophila obtained from patients and the environment during a nosocomial outbreak with unrelated control strains. Restriction enzyme analysis by PFGE resolved 14 different patterns among the L. pneumophila serogroup 1 and L. pneumophila serogroup 6 isolates involved in the study. Two of the patterns were observed in the three L. pneumophila serogroup 6 isolates from patients with confirmed nosocomial infections and environmental isolates from the potable water supply, which was, therefore, believed to be the source of the patients' infections. Three more patterns that were not present in isolates from patients with legionellosis were seen in isolates from the hospital environment, demonstrating the presence of multiple strains in the hospital environment. In the outbreak, one distinct pattern occurred among the L. pneumophila serogroup 1 isolates from patients with nosocomial infections, suggesting a common source; however, the source could not be determined. By comparison, ribotyping generated five patterns. However, some control strains of both L. pneumophila serogroups 1 and 6 possessed the same ribotypes as were present in the outbreak isolates. Both techniques were used successfully to subtype the isolates obtained during the investigation of the outbreak. Furthermore, restriction enzyme analysis by PFGE was useful for subdividing ribotypes and for distinguishing strains involved in the outbreak from epidemiologically unrelated strains.
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PMID:Comparison of ribotyping and restriction enzyme analysis using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for distinguishing Legionella pneumophila isolates obtained during a nosocomial outbreak. 132 Jun 29

The antimicrobial activities of two investigational fluoroquinolones (CI-960 and E4695) were compared with those of five similar compounds and four comparison drugs against 103 strains of Legionella pneumophila and five other Legionella species type strains. When concentrations inhibiting 90% of strains tested (MIC90s) for L. pneumophila were determined, CI-960 and temafloxacin emerged as the most active (0.015 microgram/ml) and were followed in potency by E4695 (0.03 microgram/ml). This activity was two- to fourfold greater than that of the reference drug, ciprofloxacin, and approached that of rifampin (MIC90, 0.008 microgram/ml). All fluoroquinolones studied were more active than erythromycin (MIC90, 0.5 microgram/ml). These two investigational fluoroquinolones appear well suited for further in vivo study of legionellosis therapy.
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PMID:Antimicrobial activities of two investigational fluoroquinolones (CI-960 and E4695) against over 100 Legionella sp. isolates. 132 42

Techniques were developed for genetic characterization of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 by using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Allozyme analysis provided an index of the discrimination achieved by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Isolates from human cases of legionellosis were examined by both methods, and their profiles were compared with reference strains of L. pneumophila serogroup 1 obtained from the American Type Culture Collection. Eighteen distinct clones were evident among the isolates examined. Both methods could be used to trace the source of an outbreak of legionellosis caused by L. pneumophila serogroup 1.
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PMID:Genetic characterization of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 associated with respiratory disease in Australia. 135 12

Patients with Q fever and legionellosis may present identical clinical symptom. Differentiation of these diseases is made by serology, mainly the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Using IFA the authors tested 154 Q fever positive sera from 55 patients with acute Q fever and 28 patients with chronic Q fever for Legionella pneumophila antibodies and 57 sera from 57 patients with legionellosis for Coxiella burnetii antibodies. Of the 211 sera tested, four sera from different patients had antibodies to both C. burnetii and L. pneumophila. Using cross-adsorption studies and protein immunoblotting, no cross-reaction between C. burnetii and L. pneumophila antibodies could be identified. The moderate antibody titers against L. pneumophila in two Q fever patients and vice versa for one legionellosis patient are consistent with the incidence of seroprevalence in healthy blood donors and were not due to cross-reactivity. One patient was identified with concurrent Q fever and legionellosis.
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PMID:Study of cross-reaction between Coxiella burnetii and Legionella pneumophila using indirect immunofluorescence assay and immunoblotting. 136 22

The interaction of interferon (IFN)-gamma, rat alveolar macrophages, and Legionella pneumophila was studied in vitro to define the effector cell potential of alveolar macrophages against an intracellular pathogen in a model in which the efficacy of IFN-gamma could be tested in vivo. Alveolar macrophages preincubated with IFN-gamma up-regulated Ia antigen and killed 0.5-4 logs of L. pneumophila over 4 days compared with 1-2 logs of bacterial growth in untreated cells. The bactericidal effect was dose dependent, evident over a wide range of bacterial inocula, and not suppressed by hydrocortisone. Preincubation with IFN-gamma was unnecessary and insufficient, as intracellular replication was reversed by exposure to IFN-gamma up to 48 h after infection, and neutralization of IFN-gamma after infection permitted bacterial growth. IFN-gamma thus converts alveolar macrophages from target cells to effector cells in host defense against L. pneumophila and may be of therapeutic benefit in legionellosis.
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PMID:Recombinant murine interferon-gamma reversibly activates rat alveolar macrophages to kill Legionella pneumophila. 143 Dec 53

A series of nosocomial Legionella infections in a rehabilitation center is reported. In a three months period a total of 10 pneumonias with 3 deaths occurred (8 patients, 1 companion, 1 staff member). Serologic analysis proved additional Legionella infections within the nursing staff. The warm-water system was proved to be the source of infection by isolating Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 subtype Pontiac both in warm-water and patients samples. The air conditioning system could not be ruled out as another (secondary) route of exposure because of shortcomings in construction. Conclusions about prevention and the course of the disease are discussed and standards for warm-water and air conditioning systems are proposed.
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PMID:[Case study of a Legionella epidemic in a rehabilitation clinic]. 145 37

We reviewed the chest radiographs and clinical data of 30 patients in an intensive care unit with legionellosis diagnosed by significant serological findings (n = 18), microscopic demonstration of the organism in the transtracheal aspirate (n = 5) or both (n = 7) and investigated the correlation between the identification of Legionella and signs of pulmonary infection. In 13 patients legionnaires' disease was diagnosed with a high degree of confidence. Typical radiographic findings included distal air space disease, which initially appeared to be unilateral, progressing towards bilateral infiltrates. Patchy infiltration at the onset of disease was followed by consolidation. Small pleural effusions were common, while no abscess formation was observed. Characteristically, infiltration persisted for weeks even with clinical convalescence. These radiological findings correspond well with observations in otherwise healthy patients with legionnaire's disease. In 10 patients the etiology of pulmonary infiltrates could not be identified. Seven patients did not develop radiological or clinical signs of pneumonia; therefore, the serological/microscopic detection of Legionella was not interpreted as legionnaires' disease. According to the results of our investigation the diagnosis of legionnaires' disease requires radiological findings in addition to laboratory data.
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PMID:[Legionnaires' disease in intensive care patients. Results of plain film thoracic radiography]. 146 80


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