Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023241 (Legionella)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Over a 24-month period, 274 patients with community-acquired pneumonia were hospitalized in Departments of Medicine at hospitals in Bordeaux, Lyon, Marseille, and Toulouse. Etiology of the pneumonia was determined either by organism identification or by indirect immunofluorescence in only 139 cases (51%). The most frequently isolated etiological agents were Streptococcus pneumoniae (34 cases), Legionella pneumophila (29 cases) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (24 cases). The majority of patients with legionellosis were male (79%), middle aged (mean age: 53 years), and living in urban areas (69%). Their clinical features were atypical and did not differ from those of other pneumonias. Four patients with legionellosis (13.8%) died. L. pneumophila was isolated directly in only three instances. The study confirms the high prevalence of legionellosis (20%) among pneumonias of identified etiology. The fact that these cases had an atypical clinical presentation and that isolation of the organism was difficult reinforce the need to apply the CDC criteria for the interpretation of positive serological titers.
Infection 1987
PMID:Prevalence of legionellosis among adults: a study of community-acquired pneumonia in France. 369 3

Specimens from 490 patients with suspected legionellosis from many parts of New Zealand were studied. Most of these were sera, but 36 specimens including material from lungs, pleural fluid and sputa were also examined. The sera were tested for the presence of antibodies to Legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 to 6 and Legionella micdadei. Serological evidence of legionellosis was found in 49 patients. Antibodies to L. pneumophila serogroup 6 predominated, while those to L. micdadei and L. pneumophila serogroup 1 were noted in smaller numbers. Antibodies to serogroups 2, 3, 4 and 5 of L. pneumophila were not often encountered.
Infection
PMID:Serological studies on patients with suspected legionellosis in New Zealand. 389 43

We are presenting a case of Legionella type I pneumonia, accidentally diagnosed by selective culture with simultaneous identification of pneumococci, meningococci and Hemophilus influenzae in the general sputum culture. A 35-year-old patient had been hospitalized with the typical signs of Legionnaires' disease (severe pneumonia with symptoms of cardiac, hepatic, renal, and cerebral involvement), following several days of prodromi. The routine sputum bacteriology according to DGHM standards first revealed pneumococci, meningococci and H. influenzae in significant numbers. Later, the special culture medium named after Edelstein (BMPA alpha-medium), routinely inoculated in our laboratory, grew Legionella pneumophila type I. Legionella type I-specific serum antibodies in IIFT confirmed the diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease. After therapy with amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid and cefoxitin, the temperature declined and laboratory as well as radiologic findings returned to normal. Without the culture of L. pneumophila from expectorated sputum, the diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease would not have been found.
Infection
PMID:[Legionella pneumophila pneumonia masked by simultaneous demonstration of further non-specific pneumonia pathogens]. 390 21

Plasmid and peptide analysis was used to characterize Legionella pneumophila strains isolated in the study of a small cluster of cases in hospitalized patients. The isolates from the Denver Veterans' Administration Medical Center could be clearly separated into three groups. Two of the three clinical isolates were found to be plasmidless, as were five of 19 environmental isolates. The patient isolates had plasmid and peptide profiles which were identical to the showerhead isolates to which each patient was exposed. Thus, the data suggest that the patients acquired their disease strains from environmental sites in their particular hospital wing, and that each wing of the building had its own unique flora of Legionella strains. The results also confirm the usefulness of using both these techniques when tracing transmission patterns of nosocomial disease.
Infection
PMID:Combined plasmid and peptide analysis of clinical and environmental Legionella pneumophila strains associated with a small cluster of Legionnaires' disease cases. 404 43

Two patients with pneumonitis due to legionellosis are described. The etiologic diagnosis was based on high titers of immunoglobulin (Ig)M class antibodies (1/2048 and 1/512) detected by indirect immunofluorescence. The etiologic agents were presumed to be Legionella bozemanii in one case and either L. bozemanii or L. longbeachae in the other. Both patients made an uneventful recovery. Infections with these organisms have not been described in Israel previously.
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PMID:Legionnaires' disease: new etiologic agents. 404 23

Infection of guinea-pigs by intranasal (i.n.) instillation of 10(9) viable organisms of two newly isolated strains of Legionella pneumophila (74/81, serogroup 1; 166/81, serogroup 3) did not induce disease, but 10(4) organisms administered as a small particle aerosol (less than 5 microns diameter) produced a fatal widespread broncho-pneumonia within 3 days. Milder illness and less extensive bronchopneumonia were also produced in rhesus monkeys and marmosets by one of these two strains (74/81). Mice were resistant to induction of disease by aerosols of both these two strains, though organisms did persist in the lungs for at least 4 days. Both of these L. pneumophila strains were pathogenic for guinea-pigs by aerosol infection over a wide range of doses but the serogroup 1 type strain (NCTC 11192) was not. There was no mortality after infection of guinea-pigs by intranasal instillation of any of these strains but all proved to be fatal after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of large doses. Guinea-pigs, rhesus monkeys and marmosets exposed to aerosol infection with L. pneumophila provide relevant models for studying the pathogenesis of Legionnaires' disease.
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PMID:Aerosol infection of animals with strains of Legionella pneumophila of different virulence: comparison with intraperitoneal and intranasal routes of infection. 640 78

Combined heart and lung transplantation was carried out in 17 patients at Stanford University between March, 1981, and December, 1983. The recipients were between 22 and 45 years old. All patients had end-stage pulmonary hypertension; 10 had Eisenmenger's syndrome and the remaining 7, primary pulmonary hypertension. Five patients died within the first few postoperative weeks. The remainder are well between four weeks and 33 months from operation. The immunosuppressive protocol has consisted of cyclosporine with an initial course of rabbit antithymocyte globulin. Azathioprine also was given for the first two weeks and then was replaced with prednisone. Rejection, as diagnosed by cardiac biopsy, was treated with high doses of methylprednisolone. Modifications of technique that have developed include the removal of the recipient heart and lungs separately, and preservation of the lungs with a modified Collins' solution instead of a cardioplegic solution. Rejection occurred in 6 of the 12 survivors. Infections developed in 9 patients, but only one resulted in a fatal outcome (Legionella). Thus, the results of clinical heart-lung transplantation have been considerably superior to clinical efforts in lung transplantation. It is suggested that the combined operation is preferable for the following reasons: (1) all diseased tissue is removed, thus eliminating recurrent infection and ventilation/perfusion disparity; (2) transplantation of the entire heart-lung block preserves coronary-bronchial vascular anastomoses and makes airway dehiscence less likely; and (3) to date, diagnosis of rejection by cardiac biopsy has appeared to be a satisfactory method of diagnosing and treating pulmonary rejection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Heart-lung transplantation for irreversible pulmonary hypertension. 643 34

We investigated the in vitro effect of various members of the genus Legionella on human peripheral mononuclear cells. All the strains tested induced the generation of strong procoagulant activity (tissue factor) when incubated for a prolonged period of time with pure mononuclear cell suspensions. This effect was dependent on the number of bacteria. The production of mononuclear cell procoagulant activity was also observed after the addition of bacteria to citrated whole blood. Escherichia coli 0111:B4 showed similar activity, but Staphylococcus aureus was much less effective. These findings suggest that the presence of endotoxin-like substance(s) in the outer cell wall of Legionellae could contribute to the stimulation of mononuclear cells. The production of tissue factor, a potent trigger of blood clotting, by these cells could help us to understand the mechanism(s) responsible for the activation of intravascular coagulation associated with severe legionellosis.
Infection 1982
PMID:Legionella pneumophila and related organisms induce the generation of procoagulant activity by peripheral mononuclear cells in vitro. 675 34

A 29 year old woman with polymyositis treated with azathioprine presented with pneumonia. Rising serum antibody titres have confirmed a diagnosis of legionnaires' disease. Infection with Legionella pneumophila must now be considered in New Zealand when patients present with pneumonia and severe pyrexia, especially if they show known risk factors.
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PMID:Legionnaires' disease in a patient with polymyositis. 696 73

Legionella infections can take the clinical course of a relatively harmless respiratory infection. However, serious, atypical pneumonia is a more frequent manifestation of infection with these pathogens. As yet, six different Legionella species can be identified; Legionella pneumophila appears to be the most common. Legionnaires' pneumonia is being found with increasing regularity during summer and autumn in elderly male patients with previous illnesses. The clinical picture is characterised by viral "prodrome", high fever, a dry cough, breast pain, confusion, diarrhoea, haematuria, moderate leukocytosis with lymphopenia, low concentrations of sodium in the serum and negative results from microbiological analysis of the sputum and pleural exudate. Diagnosis is confirmed culturally, microscopically and serologically; the indirect immunofluorescence test is of particular value for this purpose. Erythromycin alone or in combination with rifampicin is the treatment of choice.
Infection 1982
PMID:[Clinical picture of Legionnaires' disease (author's transl)]. 710 21


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