Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023241 (Legionella)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Legionnaire's disease presenting as empyema has not been previously described, although pleural effusions are not uncommon. A 56-year-old woman had a ten-day history of pleuritic chest pain and a large loculated empyema. Legionnaires' disease was documented by serum indirect fluorescent antibody studies.
 ...
PMID:Legionnaires' disease presenting with empyema. 42 92

A patient undergoing esophageal dilatation for carcinoma of the esophagus suffered esophageal perforation and development of an empyema. Culture of pleural fluid yielded multiple organisms, including Legionella pneumophila serogroup 5. Epidemiologic investigation showed that the source of L pneumophila was a tap used by the nursing personnel to fill patients' water pitchers. Whole-cell restriction endonuclease analysis of DNA from the clinical and environmental isolates of L pneumophila serogroup 5 yielded identical patterns. Our findings suggest that L pneumophila was acquired by the patient at least 12 h prior to the procedure causing the esophageal perforation and empyema, suggesting that the organism can persist in an infectious form in the upper aerodigestive tract.
 ...
PMID:Isolation of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 5 from empyema following esophageal perforation. Source of the organism and mode of transmission. 142 1

Legionnaires' disease in a 37-year-old male who had had silicosis was reported. He was admitted because of dyspnea. The chest X-ray film and CT scan showed infiltrative shadow and swelling of mediastinal lymph nodes. Open lung biopsy was done and Legionella pneumohila was detected. REP and EM were started and infiltrative shadow of X-ray was disappeared. Pleuro-pneumonectomy and thoracoplasty were performed because of hemoptysis and postoperative empyema. The patient is now well.
 ...
PMID:[Legionnaires' disease with mediastinal lymph nodes swelling, diagnosed by open lung biopsy--a case report]. 203 40

Although animal models of infection are associated with certain limitations in interpretation, properly performed studies provide important information for evaluating the efficacy of new antimicrobial agents in the treatment of human disease. The antibacterial efficacy of the newer quinolones, particularly ciprofloxacin, has undergone extensive evaluation in several animal models. Efficacy has been demonstrated in animal models of pneumonia, endocarditis, meningitis, skin and soft-tissue infections, septic arthritis, burn wound sepsis, empyema, intra-abdominal abscess, osteomyelitis, prostatitis, sinusitis, urinary tract infection, chronic gastroenteritis, granuloma pouch infection, and Pseudomonas septicemia. More recent studies have evaluated the efficacy of ciprofloxacin in animal models of tuberculosis and syphilis, as well as in infections caused by the intracellular pathogens Salmonella typhimurium, Legionella pneumophila, and Listeria monocytogenes.
 ...
PMID:An update on the efficacy of ciprofloxacin in animal models of infection. 258 79

Although pleural effusion is not uncommon in legionellosis, the development of empyema and the demonstration of the organism in pleural fluid are exceptional. We report four patients with pleural empyema with isolation of Legionella pneumophila in the pleural fluid culture. The patients were three males and one female, with ages ranging from 36 and 83 years. All had left pleuritic pain, fever and pleural effusion. The appearance of pleural effusion was purulent in two cases and serofibrinous in the other two. Initially, the diagnosis was only suspected in one patient. The other three received inadequate treatment, until the result of the culture of the pleural fluid in BCYE-alpha medium was known. After giving erythromycin therapy at high doses, the outcome was favorable in the four patients. It is concluded that, in the absence of another diagnosis, the presence of L. pneumophila should be systematically investigated in the pleural fluid although the disease is not clinically suspected.
 ...
PMID:[Pleural empyema caused by Legionella pneumophila]. 274 22

The most important lower respiratory infection is pneumonia, the fourth leading cause of death. Most cases of bronchitis are of viral etiology and are not major problems. Empyema can present an important problem in management. Although the diagnosis of pneumonia is usually relatively straightforward, the specific etiologic diagnosis remains a major problem. Availability of empyema fluid or a positive blood culture result can be helpful in making the etiologic diagnosis, but these are unavailable in most patients. Screening of sputum Gram stains under 100 X magnification is very important; there should be fewer than 10 squamous epithelial cells, more than 25 polymorphonuclear leukocytes, or both per field of this size. The major causes of pneumonia are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, anaerobic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, various gram-negative aerobic or facultative bacilli and Legionella. However, many other organisms are capable of causing pneumonia, even in the immunocompetent host. Further adding to the problem is the fact that a number of different organisms are manifesting increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents. Our study with ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid included seven patients with pneumonia, one with empyema, and one with purulent tracheobronchitis. Organisms recovered from pleural fluid, transtracheal aspiration and sputum or tracheostomy aspirate included multiple anaerobes, pneumococci, S. aureus, Hemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, K. ozaenae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus mirabilis, beta-hemolytic streptococci, Neisseria meningitidis and Branhamella catarrhalis. Several of the organisms were ticarcillin resistant. Eight of the patients had cures and the other patient showed improvement. Only minor side-effects were encountered--Coombs' positivity (without hemolysis), eosinophilia, drug fever and one case of questionable neutropenia.
 ...
PMID:Lower respiratory tract infection. 407 97

Pneumonia, empyema and lung abscesses developed in a patient following a neurosurgical procedure and associated short-term corticosteroid therapy. An organism identical to the TATLOCK/Pittsburgh pneumonia agent (Legionella micdadei) was the only organism isolated from multiple specimens from lung aspirates and chest tube drainage. The organism was isolated directly on charcoal yeast extract (CYE) agar and classified as identical to the TATLOCK bacterium by direct immunofluorescent staining and by gas-liquid chromatography of cellular fatty acids. The patient's pulmonary infection improved during treatment with penicillin. Serum specimens obtained from the patient during convalescence showed an indirect fluorescent antibody reciprocal titer of 16,000 to his homologous antigen, but he also had titers that were potentially diagnostic against antigens of the six serogroups of Legionella pneumophila and three other Legionella-like organisms. Legionella can be isolated from clinical specimens by the routine use of CYE agar, which should be incorporated as the primary isolation medium for chest fluids and lung specimens. It appears that a large battery of antigens will be required for serological testing to diagnose infections caused by L micadei, L pneumophila and Legionella-like organisms.
 ...
PMID:Primary isolation of a new strain of the TATLOCK/Pittsburgh pneumonia agent (Legionella micdadei). 702 Feb 52

A case of pneumonia due to Legionella bozemanii--only the 20th culture-proven case reported so far--progressed with cavitation 9 days after the initiation of intravenous therapy with erythromycin. Review of all 20 reported cases revealed a similar propensity toward radiographic progression (25%) and cavitation (25%) during therapy. A slow response to long courses of erythromycin was the rule (35% of cases). In two instances, long courses of intravenous erythromycin failed and the patient died. Pleural effusion was reported in 60% of patients, including two with empyema. Overall mortality was high (40%). Although mortality was only 21% among patients who lived long enough to receive adequate courses of erythromycin, all three such patients who died had received erythromycin alone. Combination therapy with erythromycin and rifampin proved more effective in terms of survival. Infections due to non-pneumophila Legionella may be overlooked because of the organisms' special serological and culture requirements.
 ...
PMID:Legionella bozemanii cavitary pneumonia poorly responsive to erythromycin: case report and review. 774 38

A kidney transplanted patient developed a nosocomial pneumonia and pleural empyema due to Legionella pneumophila. Despite erythromycin and rifampin treatment the patient died. The diagnosis was made by direct fluorescent antibody staining of pleural fluid.
 ...
PMID:[Pulmonary abscess and pleural empyema caused by Legionella pneumophila in kidney transplant recipient]. 811 70

The lung is a common site of infection in patients with cancer. The spectrum of pulmonary infection depends on the underlying immunologic deficit or deficits. In neutropenic patients, gram-negative bacterial infections predominate early, whereas fungal infections (Aspergillus, Zygomycetes, Fusarium species) are common if neutropenia persists. In patients with impaired cellular immunity, viral infections (cytomegalovirus, other herpes viruses) predominate and may coexist with bacterial (Legionella, Nocardia), mycobacterial, and fungal (Aspergillus, Histoplasma, etc.) infections. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is also common in this setting. Infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are the primary bacterial infections encountered in patients with impaired humoral immunity. In patients with primary or metastatic pulmonary neoplasms, postobstructive pneumonitis, lung abscess, and occasionally empyema of mixed bacterial etiology (Staphylococcus species, gram-negative bacilli, anaerobes) are frequent. Patients with brain tumors and head and neck cancer develop aspiration pneumonitis, which is usually caused by organisms living in the oropharynx and upper airways. Several immunologic deficits might be present in the same patient, making such a patient susceptible to a wide variety of opportunistic pathogens.
 ...
PMID:The spectrum of pulmonary infections in cancer patients. 1142 77


1 2 Next >>