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Query: UMLS:C0023241 (Legionella)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This article summarizes the health effects of indoor air pollutants and the modalities available to control them. The pollutants discussed include active and passive exposure to tobacco smoke; combustion products of carbon monoxide; nitrogen dioxide; products of biofuels, including wood and coal; biologic agents leading to immune responses, such as house dust mites, cockroaches, fungi, animal dander, and urine; biologic agents associated with infection such as Legionella and tuberculosis; formaldehyde; and volatile organic compounds. An approach to assessing building-related illness and "tight building" syndrome is presented. Finally, the article reviews recent data on hospital-related asthma and exposures to potential respiratory hazards such as antineoplastic agents, anesthetic gases, and ethylene oxide.
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PMID:Indoor air pollution. 151 50

In order to evaluate the prevalence of antibodies to Legionella species among children in Iceland, a prospective study was conducted in 424 children aged 1 month to 12 years, 28 of whom had an acute respiratory tract infection. Antibody titers to L. pneumophila serogroup 1-6, L. bozemanii, L. dumoffii, and L. micdadei were measured by microagglutination technique. Seroreactivity to Legionella spp. was found in 30% of the children greater than 3 years of age and in 22% of all children. The majority of the children with legionella antibodies had no history of previous or present respiratory tract infection. The children with previous pneumonia or bronchial asthma did not show a higher seroreactivity to legionella than children without such a history. Our observations suggests that Icelandic children are frequently exposed to Legionella species or closely related bacteria.
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PMID:Prevalence of IgM antibodies to nine Legionella species in Icelandic children. 221 7

A 38 year old woman with diabetes mellitus and bronchial asthma was admitted to hospital with pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae; she recovered promptly on erythromycin treatment. Six weeks later she presented with aortic valve endocarditis without concurrent lung disease. A concurrent increase in titres of antibody to Legionella bozemanii, L longbeachae, and L jordanis indicated a Legionella infection. Legionella infection should be considered, even in the absence of pneumonia, in cases of endocarditis where no other cause can be detected.
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PMID:Aortic valve endocarditis associated with Legionella infection after Mycoplasma pneumonia. 311 81

The prevalence of seropositivity to Legionella spp. was studied in 184 children with bronchial asthma and in 80 control children, age- and sex-matched, without respiratory tract infections. The sera were examined by indirect immunofluorescence with antigens of six Legionella spp. The asthmatic children showed a significantly higher percentage of seroreactions to L. pneumophila than did the control children. In the asthmatic children, no association was found between age, sex, onset of asthmatic symptoms, living conditions, corticosteroid treatment, or exposure to aerosols and seropositivity to Legionella. No correlation could be found between the asthma severity score and the titer of serum antibodies to L. pneumophila. None of the 32 sera with titers of 256 or higher were reactive for Legionella-specific IgE antibodies. L. pneumophila antigen was detected in the urine of three children by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The high prevalence of antibodies to L. pneumophila found in children with bronchial asthma, together with the detection of antigen in the urine of some of them, suggest that this group of children are highly susceptible to Legionnaires' Disease.
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PMID:Predisposition of the asthmatic child to legionellosis? 353 66

The prevalence of seropositivity to Legionella species was studied in 184 children with bronchial asthma and 80 control children, age and sex matched, without respiratory tract infections. The sera were examined by indirect immunofluorescence with antigens of six Legionella species. The asthmatic children showed a significantly high percentage of seroreactions to L pneumophila compared with the control children. In the asthmatic children, no association was found between age, sex, onset of asthmatic symptoms, living conditions, corticosteroid treatment, or exposure to aerosols and seropositivity to Legionella. No relation could be found between the asthma severity score and the titre of serum antibodies to L pneumophila. None of the 32 sera with titres of 1:256 or higher were reactive for Legionella specific IgE antibodies. A high prevalence of antibodies to L pneumophila was found in children suffering bronchial asthma. Further studies are necessary to clarify the clinical relevance.
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PMID:Serum antibodies to Legionella agents in bronchial asthma. 398 54

Sera from 113 outpatient with chronic pulmonary disease and 76 control subjects were tested by the indirect immunofluorescent technique for serum antibodies against Legionella pneumophila. No patient had an antibody titer greater than or equal to 1:256, a titer presumptive for past or present infection by Legionella pneumophila. However, 2 patients had a titer of 1:126, and 9 patients had a titer of 1:64. The control group (n = 76) had titers no higher than 1:32 (p less than 0.01). Eight of the 11 patients with a titer greater than 1:64 were from the subgroup of 41 patients with asthma (p less than 0.05), but this correlation was not attributable to corticosteroid therapy. Only 3 of 35 patients receiving corticosteroids at greater than replacement dosage had titers greater or equal to 1:64. The clinical significance of a single titer below 1:256, observed in 11 patients, is unknown.
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PMID:The prevalence of serum antibodies to Legionella pneumophila in patients with chronic pulmonary disease. 723 65

Respiratory infections precipitate wheezing in many asthmatic patients and may be involved in the aetiopathogenesis of asthma. Several studies have demonstrated that viral infections may provoke asthma. Bacterial infections seem to play a minor role. However, Chlamydia pneumoniae has been recently reported as a possible cause of asthma. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of C. pneumoniae infection in acute exacerbations of asthma in adults. Seventy four adult out-patients with a diagnosis of acute exacerbation of asthma were studied. Acute and convalescent (> or = 3 weeks) serological determination of antibodies to cytomegalovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, influenza A and B, parainfluenza 1 and 3, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila were performed by means of immunofluorescence tests. C. pneumoniae specific antibodies were detected by two microimmunofluorescence tests using a specific antigen (TW-183) and a kit with three chlamydial antigens. Pharyngeal swab specimens were also obtained for C. pneumoniae identification. Samples for bacterial culture were obtained in patients with productive cough (15 out of 74 patients). Fifteen patients (20%) presented seroconversion to at least one of the studied pathogens. Seven were found to be infected by virus, six by C. pneumoniae alone, and one by M. pneumoniae. One more patient showed seroconversion to C. pneumoniae and cytomegalovirus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Acute exacerbations of asthma in adults: role of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. 771 98

Asthma is increasingly treated as an inflammatory disease with inhaled and/or systemic corticosteroids. We report 3 cases of unusual pneumonias associated with high doses of oral steroids. Two patients contracted Legionella pneumonia and one patient contracted Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. With increasing usage, it is important for physicians to be aware of the possible infectious complications of high dose steroids. This report highlights the risk of corticosteroid treatment in asthma in predisposing to opportunistic infections that have not heretofore been readily associated with asthma.
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PMID:Legionella and Pneumocystis pneumonias in asthmatic children on high doses of systemic steroids. 756 23

The sick building syndrome has been widely discussed from epidemiological perspectives. Although there is considerable difference in opinion regarding the concrete and objective evidence to support a distinct sick building syndrome and/or building-related illness, much data indicates that numerous variables within buildings can potentially influence human health. In this paper, we discuss in detail not only the potential and unique infectious diseases caused by Legionella, Pontiac fever, Q fever, and influenza, but also the data implicating noninfectious etiologies of sick building syndrome and building-related illnesses. In addition, the role of psychological factors, mass hysteria, and indoor pollution is discussed with respect to the nature of associations between exposure and symptoms. Finally, comparisons are made in different building construction types of old versus new buildings to highlight changes in modern construction that may have led to a putative increase in work-related symptomatology.
J Asthma 1994
PMID:Building components contributors of the sick building syndrome. 817 32

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), although unusual, has been recognized in the immunocompetent host. Several cases of IPA with rapidly progressive respiratory failure have been reported in patients receiving short-term corticosteroid therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Atypical pneumonia caused by dual infection with Legionella pneumophila and Mycoplasma pneumoniae has also been reported. We report an unusual case of simultaneous L pneumophila pneumonia and IPA in an asthma patient with suspected allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis newly treated with corticosteroids.
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PMID:Simultaneous legionellosis and invasive aspergillosis in an immunocompetent patient newly treated with corticosteroids. 825 95


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