Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023241 (Legionella)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Yolk sac suspensions infected with the Legionnaires disease bacterium (LDB) were plated onto 17 different bacteriological agar media. The LDB grew only on Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 1% Iso Vitale X and 1% hemoglobin (MH-IH). This medium was subsequently analyzed to determine the components required to support growth of the LDB. L-Cysteine hydrochloride can replace the Iso Vitale X reagent, and soluble ferric pyrophosphate can replace hemoglobin. A new medium, F-G agar, was formulated incorporating these chemicals. Different cultures conditions (oxygen tension, temperature, and pH) were also evaluated. The LDB grew optimally at 35 degrees C under 2.5% CO2 on the F-G agar adjusted to pH 6.9. When infected tissues were inoculated onto both F-G agar and MH-IH, the F-G agar produced colonies of the LDB more rapidly and in greater numbers than did MH-IH.
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PMID:Primary isolation media for Legionnaires disease bacterium. 2 11

A chemically defined liquid medium has been developed for the study of the physiology and antigen production of the Legionnaires disease bacterium. The medium contains basal salts, vitamins, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, pyruvate, 0.05% l-cysteine, 0.05% glutathione, and a mixture of 20 additional amino acids, each of 0.01% final concentration, except serine, which was at 0.1%. The medium in shake culture at 37 degrees C with increased CO2 at pH 6.5, supports the maximum rate of growth, the highest cell yields, and the maximum cell surface antigen as distinguished by specific fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated antibody. Studies during the development of this medium showed that CO2, pyruvate, and alpha-ketoglutarate strongly stimulated growth; that cysteine and methionine were required for growth; and that serine, threonine, histidine, tyrosine, and tryptophane were energy sources. Glutathione substituted for cysteine, but cystine did not. The organisms did not use glucose and polysaccharides, as judged by cell yields when these carbohydrates were present or absent. The chelators malate, citrate, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid totally inhibited growth. Beta-mercaptoethanol, thioglycolate, dithiothreitol, and Tween 80 (0.05%) inhibited growth strongly or completely. Catalase activity was extremely weak or absent. Morphology varied, depending upon conditions and phases of growth. In general, filamentous forms became chains of cigar-shaped bacilli fragmenting to pairs and becoming coccoidal in the late stationary pha-e of growth. The organism grew at 25, 30, and 37 degrees C. Although they varied in their growth characteristics, 10 isolates were passed for five transfers in the chemically defined broth, giving maximum rates of growth, cell yields, and antigen production.
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PMID:Development of a chemically defined liquid medium for growth of Legionella pneumophila. 3 86

Legionnaires' disease is reported in five renal-transplant recipients. All had febrile respiratory illnesses with pulmonary infiltrates and one died. The diagnosis was made on clinical features and by indirect fluorescent antibody titres. Symptoms started after maximum immunosuppressive therapy.
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PMID:Legionnaires' disease in renal-transplant recipients. 7 41

An illness characterized by high fever and pneumonia struck 2.9% of a group of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows attending a convention held in Philadelphia, in September, 1974. The convention headquarters was the hotel where the American Legion met in July, 1976. The epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of the illness were nearly identical to those of the disease in American legionnaires in 1976. Illness was significantly associated with attendance at one convention activity held on Monday morning, Sept. 16, 1974, in the grand ballroom of the hotel. A serological survey in February and March, 1977, showed that people who had attended the convention and became ill were more likely to have raised indirect fluorescent antibody titres than persons who had attended and remained well. The illness seen in Odd Fellows members in September, 1974, was caused by the legionnaire's disease organism.
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PMID:1974 outbreak of Legionnaires' Disease diagnosed in 1977. Clinical and epidemiological features. 7 24

The substitution of lead nitrate for uranium nitrate as used in the Steiner silver impregnation method for demonstrating spirochetes in tissue sections is described. The use of lead nitrate provides a chemical substitute free of any potential radiation hazard without loss of staining specificity. The use of lead nitrate in place of uranium nitrate in the Dieterle method for staining Legionnaires' disease organisms is proposed.
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PMID:Modified Steiner method for the demonstration of spirochetes in tissue. 8 28

Legionella pneumophila has been isolated, with an in-vitro method, from the blood of a patient with fatal legionnaires' disease.
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PMID:Isolation of Legionella pneumophila from blood. 8 91

The acute lesion in Legionnaires' disease pneumonia is an acute fibrinopurulent bronchopneumonia in which the alveoli are filled with many neutrophils and macrophages and abundant fibrin. There is only slight necrosis. Although characteristic, the lesion is not specific for this agent. However, the association with this lesion of myriad small pleomorphic rods, which stain well with Dieterle's silver-impregnation method but poorly or not at all with Gram-type stains, is uncommon except in Legionnaires' disease pneumonia. Final diagnosis requires isolation of the organism or immunofluorescent studies of the tissue, sera or both. The full spectrum of the pneumonia is not known, but organization has been reported once. No definite anatomic correlate for the extrathoracic manifestations of Legionnaires' disease has been identified nor has the organism been found at extrathoracic sites.
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PMID:Pathology of Legionnaires' disease. 8 11

Legionnaires' disease bacterium in tissue does not readily react with the Gram stain but can be seen by other stains and direct immunofluorescence. It is a slow-growing, aerobic, gram-negative rod that can be cultivated over a narrow temperature range on Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented either with complex biological mixtures or certain ferric salts and cysteine. The bacterium produces unique, branched-chain fatty acids, catalase, oxidase (weakly), and gelatinase and uses starch while ignoring other carbohydrates. Pigment production is related to tyrosine in the medium. In-vitro studies suggest susceptibility to all antibiotics except vancomycin, but a class 1 beta-lactamase has been demonstrated. Analysis of DNA confirmed the unrelatedness of this bacterium to previously recognized prokaryotes. Diagnosis of the disease has depended largely on serologic test findings and the demonstration of the bacterium in tissue and, occasionally, on isolation. Additional, simpler, and more rapid diagnostic tests should soon be available.
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PMID:Microbiology of Legionnaires' disease bacterium. 8 12

Thirty-five strains of Legionnaires' disease bacteria were shown to belong in four distinct serologic groups on the basis of findings obtained with direct fluorescent antibody testing. Thirty of the strains were placed in group 1, three in group 2, one in group 3, and one in group 4. Immunoelectrophoretic studies showed both unique and common antigens among the representative strains of the four serogroups.
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PMID:Four serogroups of Legionnaires' disease bacteria defined by direct immunofluorescence. 8 13

Two antigens were isolated from each of three strains of the Legionnaires' disease (LD) bacterium. One antigen was serotype-specific; the other cross-reacted with strains of LD bacteria of different serotypes. The serotypic antigens contained all the major branched-chain fatty acids characteristic of LD bacteria and were a lipid-protein-carbohydrate complex. Electrophoresis resolved the serotypic antigen of Knoxville 1 strain into four protein bands and one glycoprotein band with molecular weights ranging from 0.5 to 7.2 x 10(5). The specificity of the serotypic antigens was established by immunofluorescent staining, and double gel diffusion confirmed the absence of cross-reactions between the serotypic antigens of different types and the partial identity of the serotypic antigens from serologically related strains. The cross-reacting antigens formed precipitin bands with all the homologous and heterologous sera tested. Induction of immunity by vaccination with serotypic antigens was shown in three animal models using guinea pigs and mice. Passive-transfer of immunity (IgG) was also shown in mice and guinea pigs. These observations raise the possiblity of a vaccine for protection against infection of LD bacteria.
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PMID:Immunochemical, serologic, and immunologic properties of major antigens isolated from the Legionnaires' disease bacterium. Observations bearing on the feasibility of a vaccine. 8 14


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