Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022672 (acute tubular necrosis)
 2,175 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Renal involvement in Hansen's disease was evaluated in 94 Portuguese patients, average age and duration of disease of 47.6 and 6.8 years respectively. Sixty-seven were studied retrospectively and 27 prospectively; renal biopsy was obtained in 4, fat-tissue needle aspiration for amyloidosis in 20, and tubular function was tested in ten. Mild proteinuria and/or haematuria was found in 33 patients, the severity increasing during erythema nodosum leprosum reactions, but without overt nephritic or nephrotic syndrome. Two patients had renal amyloidosis on biopsy and two more were confirmed by fat biopsy, a 10.5% incidence in those studied prospectively; all but one were of the lepromatous type, with frequent bouts of erythema nodosum leprosum. The two other renal biopsies showed mesangial glomerulonephritis, and one unexplained acute tubular necrosis; none had immune deposits by immunofluorescence. Proximal acidification was always normal, distal acidification tested by bicarbonate infusion was abnormal in one of nine patients, and six of nine patients had concentration defects. Leprosy causes frequent urinary sediment changes and concentration defects, usually without clinical expression; proteinuria and/or glomerular involvement is mainly due to amyloidosis.
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PMID:Renal involvement in leprosy. 249 59

Rats with untreated diabetes mellitus are protected from gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. In order to evaluate the role of hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and polyuria in this phenomenon, miniosmotic pumps filled with insulin were implanted for 15 days in seven female Sprague-Dawley rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Plasma glucose levels were successfully maintained under 126 mg/dl. To serve as the control group, eight age-matched diabetic (plasma glucose > 400 mg/dl) rats had miniosmotic pumps placed delivering only Ringer's solution. Six days after placement of the pumps, gentamicin (40 mg/Kg/day) was administered to all animals for 9 days. The insulin-treated diabetic rats exhibited clear signs of nephrotoxicity by Day 6 of gentamicin, whereas the diabetic control group remained free from any functional or morphological evidence of proximal tubular damage throughout the 9 days of the aminoglycoside administration. At the end of the experiment, the creatinine clearance in the insulin-treated diabetic group was 45% lower than in the untreated diabetic group (P < 0.005). In addition, there was a rise in plasma creatinine (P < 0.02), muramidase appeared in the urine, and mild patchy acute tubular necrosis of the renal cortex was observed by light microscopic examination. The insulin-treated group also accumulated more gentamicin in the renal cortex than the untreated animals (P < 0.005). It is concluded that protection against the nephrotoxic effects of gentamicin is a feature of untreated experimental diabetes mellitus in the rat and that correction of the hyperglycemic state with insulin reverses this resistance.
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PMID:Insulin reverses the protection given by diabetes against gentamicin nephrotoxicity in the rat. 807 55