Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022672 (acute tubular necrosis)
 2,175 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We examined the protective effects of medical castration by means of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHA) on the toxic effects of cisplatin in rats. Twelve days after a s.c. injection of a slowly-releasable form of leuprolide acetate (GnRHASR), rats were injected i.p. with cisplatin daily (3 mg/kg body weight (BW) for males and 4 mg/kg BW for females) for four days and sacrificed 24 h after the last injection. The doses caused acute tubular necrosis and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, i.e., diarrhea and fluid retention and bleeding in GI tract. GnRHASR pretreatment reduced serum urea nitrogen (SUN) and serum creatinine (SCre) increase and the incidence of GI symptoms. Histological analysis showed that rats pretreated with GnRHASR had noticeably less kidney damage. GnRHA thus demonstrated its ability to protect the kidneys and GI tract against cisplatin toxicity in both male and female rats. This finding suggests a potential clinical application of GnRHA in antineoplastic chemotherapy.
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PMID:Leuprolide acetate prevents toxic effects of cisplatin on the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract. 767 May 59

We report two patients who had cerebral malaria, heavy parasitemia, hyperbilirubinemia, hypercatabolism with rapid rises of blood urea and serum creatinine and acute renal failure. There was no evidence of intravascular hemolysis. Renal biopsy was consistent with acute tubular necrosis. Both patients responded to treatment with intravenous quinine and dialysis.
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PMID:Acute renal failure in falciparum malaria. 767 79

A prospective prevalence study of Renal Failure (RF) in inhospital patients (creatinine > = 1.7 mg/dl) was carried out during March 1994, in two hospitals covering well defined and mutually exclusive populations. Cases were selected by screening all urea and creatinine blood tests performed in both laboratories, and registered in an individual form for daily follow-up of their nephrologic outcome. We registered 242 RF cases among 3525 patients admitted (6.8%), with an A.R.F. prevalence of 5.2%, 46% of all patients had a serum creatinine > 3 mg/dl and 71% were older than 65 years. In 55% RF was acquired inside the hospital. The most frequent cause of A.R.F. was pre-renal failure with 37%, followed by 32% of ischemic acute tubular necrosis and 13% toxic ATN. Nephrology was consulted in only 29% of all hospital RF cases. Only 17% of the RF patients were submitted to dialysis procedures, overall mortality was 31%, and 30% had normal renal function at discharge. Our results provide a data base to rethink the organization, staffing and role of nephrology departments inside general hospitals.
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PMID:[Hospital prevalence of kidney failure. Consequences and reflections for the planning of nephrology services]. 777 Dec 9

This report describes a patient with acute renal failure that resulted from the ingestion of djenkol beans. Features of acute djenkolism include nausea, vomiting, bilateral loin pain, gross hematuria, and oliguria. The blood urea level was 16.2 mmol/L and the serum creatinine was 460 mumol/L. Phase contrast microscopy of the urinary sediment indicated that the hematuria was nonglomerular. Ultrasound of the kidneys showed slightly enlarged kidneys with no features of obstruction. Renal biopsy showed acute tubular necrosis similar to the single animal study reported in the literature. With conservative therapy, which included rehydration with normal saline and alkalinization of the urine with sodium bicarbonate, the acute renal failure resolved. Based on its chemistry, djenkol bean-associated acute renal failure may be analogous to acute uric acid nephropathy.
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PMID:Djenkol bean poisoning (djenkolism): an unusual cause of acute renal failure. 781 May 35

Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is an acute disease caused by Hantavirus and clinically characterised by abrupt onset of fever, various haemorrhagic manifestations and transient renal and hepatic dysfunction. We retrospectively reviewed 63 cases of HFRS in children from 13 different hospitals in Korea who presented over a 15-year period. The age of the patients ranged from 7 to 15 years, with a male to female ratio of 8 to 1. Fifty-four (86%) patients were 10 years or older. On admission, 24 (38%) were in the febrile phase and 35 (56%) were in the oliguric phase. Fever (100%) abdominal pain (91%), headache (76%) and vomiting (73%) were the most common symptoms. Backache, subconjunctival haemorrhage and hypertension were also noted in about one-third of patients. Hypotension was documented in only 7 (11%) patients. Leucocytosis (> 10,000/mm3) and thrombocytopenia (< 150,000/mm3) were noted in more than two-thirds of patients. Elevated blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine was observed in 94% by the 7th (median) day of illness. Elevated aspartate aminotransferase and/or alanine aminotransferase were found in more than two-thirds of patients. Renal biopsy was performed in 12 patients and revealed various stages of acute tubular necrosis with occasional interstitial cell infiltration and oedema. Only 2 showed evidence of interstitial haemorrhage. Eleven patients required 1-3 days of dialysis and the remaining patients required only conservative management. Three (5%) patients died of shock, respiratory failure and pulmonary haemorrhage. All other patients recovered without sequelae. Although childhood cases were much less common than adults, clinical and laboratory findings were in general similar between children and adults.
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PMID:Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Korean children. Korean Society of Pediatric Nephrology. 781 97

Continuous peritoneal dialysis (CPD) was performed in 13 children with acute renal failure (ARF) in our intensive care units (ICU). The median age was 6 months (range 3 days to 77 months). Sixty-nine percent of the patients (9/13) were below the age of 12 months. CPD was performed for a median duration of 5 days (range 1-35 days). In 62% of the patients (8/13), the cause of ARF was acute tubular necrosis (ATN) due to cardiac surgery. The outcome of CPD regarding total survival was 54% (7/13). A high mortality was registered (83% of the deaths [5/6]) within the first year of life, which suggests a worse prognosis if ARF occurs at this age. Half of the total deaths (3/6) were among the cardiac surgery patients. Peritoneal equilibration tests (PET) were performed utilizing measurement of urea and glucose transport through the peritoneal membrane at short intervals during a period of 45-60 min from the start of treatment. Short dwell times of 5-20 min were found to be sufficient for adequate uremic control until a satisfactory daily urine production was noted. CPD is a useful and simple treatment modality for ARF in critically ill ICU children. Equilibration tests are useful and should be considered for optimization of CPD treatment in critically ill children with ARF in order to achieve the goal of controlling uremia and fluid overload, and giving nutritional support.
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PMID:Continuous peritoneal dialysis in children with acute renal failure. 799 47

The toxicities of silicon tetraalkoxides, including tetramethoxysilane [Si(OCH3)4, TMOS], tetraethoxysilane [Si(OC2H5)4, TEOS], tetrapropoxysilane [Si(OC3H7)4, TPOS] and tetrabuthoxysilane [Si(OC4H9)4, TBOS], were investigated with intraperitoneal injection of 1,000 mg/kg of each compound. TMOS, as well as TEOS, caused acute tubular necrosis. Blood biochemical examination revealed elevation of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine in mice treated with TEOS, TPOS and TBOS, though TMOS treated mice died and therefore could not be examined. The severity of nephrotoxicity differs among these silicon tetraalkoxides. The spleens of mice treated with TMOS exhibited cytolysis in the white and red pulp, suggesting direct injury to the spleen. The kidney seems to be a common target organ of silicon tetraalkoxides.
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PMID:Toxicity of intraperitoneally administrated silicon tetraalkoxides in male ICR mice. 825 66

Prolonged intraoperative renal ischemia requires modalities to reduce the incidence of acute tubular necrosis, but there exists no definitive prophylactic regimen. We studied the effects of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, in an attempt to identify such a protective drug. Thirty-four mongrel dogs underwent 90 min of bilateral renal pedicle clamping. Group I was a control of 6 animals. Group II comprised 10 animals who received 12.5 g iv mannitol 15 min prior to clamping and 1 mg/kg iv furosemide immediately after clamp removal. Group III also comprised 10 animals who received enalaprilat 1 mg/kg iv enalaprilat each 15 min prior to clamp placement. Group IV consisted of 8 dogs, each of which received 12.5 g mannitol and 1 mg/kg iv enalaprilat 15 min prior to clamping and 1 mg/kg iv furosemide immediately upon removal of the clamps. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels were drawn preoperatively and at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hr postoperatively in each animal. The serum BUN levels in group III were significantly lower than those in group I at all times postoperatively (P < 0.05) and were not significantly different from those of group II at any time postoperatively. Similarly, the serum creatinine levels in group III were significantly lower than those of group I (P < 0.05) and were not significantly different from those in group II at any time postoperatively. Neither the serum BUN nor the serum creatinine levels in group IV were different from those of group I at any time postoperatively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Protective effects of enalaprilat against postischemic renal failure. 838 87

The presence of delayed graft function (DGF) following cadaver donor renal transplantation is associated with inferior graft survival as well as decreased patient survival. Delay in onset of function eliminates a valuable indicator of allograft viability, which is not easily replaced by standard diagnostic procedures. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that a new clearance technique could be used to measure renal function minute to minute and under conditions similar to those observed in humans in the immediate posttransplantation period. A monkey model was used to provide controlled conditions. Increasing levels of ischemic injury were produced in 12 Rhesus monkeys by renal hilum cross-clamping. Real-time measurements of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were obtained from the rate of clearance of the extracellular fluid of the GFR agent 99mTc-DTPA, as measured with a specially designed external radioactivity counting device called the ambulatory renal monitor, or ARM. GRF was measured every 2-5 min as the slope (k) of the log of activity measured minute to minute versus time. GFR measurements were correlated with blood urea nitrogen (BUN), plasma creatinine (Cr), routine light microscopy, and measurement of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a marker of cell proliferation. Large changes in renal function due to ischemia or ureteral obstruction were observed within minutes. In addition, the rate constant on Day 1 was predictive of peak serum Cr(R =--0.86, R2=.74, p = .0001). Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) resolution was reflected more quickly when using the rate constant (Day 1) than when using either BUN or plasma Cr (Day 3-4). Because of renal functional reserve, BUN and plasma Cr were relatively insensitive indicators of mild to moderate reductions in GFR as compared with the rate constant. We conclude that ARM is a simple method which provide an accurate, near real-time GFR readout with potential applications not only for the clinical management of patients with DGF, but also as a research tool in acute renal failure (ARF).
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PMID:Real-time monitoring of renal function during ischemic injury in the rhesus monkey. 857 Aug 62

We present a 72-year-old man who had episodes of severe, acute renal failure during severe attacks of diarrhea caused by Vibrio cholerae. Patterns of acute tubular necrosis and tubulointerstitial nephritis developed following hypotension and decrease in renal blood flow, causing secondary renal ischemia. There was severe dehydration with profound hypovolemia and infection. The clinical picture included fever, weakness, arthralgia, pedal edema, mild bilateral pleural effusions, anemia, leukocytosis, azotemia with a maximum of 330 mg/dl of urea, creatine to a maximum of 9.8 mg/dl, hypoproteinemia, severe metabolic acidosis, marked increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK), microscopic hematuria, sterile leukocyturia, normoglycemic glucosuria and phosphaturia with diminished tubular reabsorption of phosphorus. A short oliguric phase was followed by a polyuric phase lasting about 10 days, and glomerular and tubular function became normal after about 3 weeks. Treatment was by intensive infusions of fluids, electrolytes, sodium bicarbonate, salt-free albumin and antibiotics. To the best of our knowledge, this renal complication of cholera has not yet been described in Israel.
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PMID:[Acute renal failure as a complication of cholera]. 868 55


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