Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0022672 (acute tubular necrosis)
 2,175 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 59-year-old man underwent total gastrectomy and splenectomy for gastric cancer 14 months before admission. The pathological diagnosis was neuroendocrine carcinoma of the stomach. Eight months after the operation, systemic chemotherapy with irinotecan and cisplatin was started because of multiple metastases to lymph nodes. After two courses of chemotherapy, renal function continued to decline. Renal biopsy showed acute tubular necrosis with cast formation, where needle crystallization was found. These clinicopathological findings suggested that tumor lysis syndrome was the cause of acute renal insufficiency. Moreover, diffuse, global bubbling and focal segmental spike formation were revealed by periodic acid-silver methenamine stain in the glomerular basement membrane. Electron microscopy showed an infolding of the cytoplasm of podocytes into the basal basement membrane and spotty electron-lucent areas. These ultrastructural findings, but not epimembranous deposits, corresponded with the bubbling on PAM staining. The present case was a rare case of glomerulopathy associated with podocytic infolding, which was not associated with collagen disease but with tumor lysis syndrome.
 ...
PMID:A case report of glomerulopathy-associated podocytic infolding in a patient with tumor lysis syndrome. 1897 61

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a widely used therapeutic modality for many, mainly malignant, diseases. Toxicities of this procedure include acute and chronic renal dysfunction. Acute renal failure, generally reversible is due to acute tubular necrosis (tumor lysis syndrome, marrow-infusion toxicity, sepsis, nephrotoxins), hepatic veno-occlusive disease or acute graft-versus-host disease. Chronic renal failure is often multifactorial, caused by conditioning-associated endothelial cell toxicity (bone marrow transplant nephropathy) and calcineurin inhibitors toxicity. Renal pathologic findings are somewhat similar to thrombotic microangiopathy, with sometimes systemic disease. Rare cases of nephrotic syndrome have been described after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, mainly membranous nephropathy, associated with graft-versus-host disease. Therapeutic options for renal dysfunction after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are limited but kidney transplantation is possible in case of end-stage renal disease.
...
PMID:[Renal complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]. 2481 77

Rasburicase is a recombinant urate-oxidase enzyme and is a very important medication for tumor lysis syndrome. Methemoglobinemia and hemolysis are known side effects of rasburicase that result from oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide, a byproduct generated during the breakdown of uric acid to allantoin. Patients with G6PD deficiency have a decreased tolerance to oxidative stress and are therefore at a greater risk of hemolysis and methemoglobinemia with rasburicase. Our patient is a 56-year-old Caucasian male with a recent diagnosis of grade 2-3a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who presented to our emergency department with shortness of breath and dark discoloration of urine. Patient was discharged 36 hours ago from our hospital after he was given a first course of R-CHOP regimen and a dose of rasburicase. On further evaluation, patient was found to have severe anemia with hemolytic picture, hyperkalemia and acute kidney injury. He also had a discrepancy of the transcutaneous saturation (75%) and the saturation in an arterial blood gas value (99%). His methemoglobin level was found to be 11.9%. We were aware that methylene blue is a contraindication in patients with G6PD deficiency but considering patient being Caucasian and low risk for it and his deteriorating respiratory condition, it was decided to offer the treatment and patient received 1 dose of methylene blue which failed to improve his methemoglobinemia. He was also given vitamin C and 8 units of packed red blood cell throughout his stay in the hospital. Patient's hospital course was complicated by ARDS needed to be on mechanical ventilation support for 4 days and acute renal failure secondary to pigment nephropathy and acute tubular necrosis which required a hemodialysis support. Even if rasburicase induced methemoglobinemia and hemolysis are not very common complications, clinicians who prescribe and follow patients should detect this serious complication early and manage it accordingly. Our case can be used as a reminder that patients should be followed closely and given the right instructions on discharge to treat these complications which are associated with severe consequences. It is also vital to assume a diagnosis of G6PD deficiency until proven otherwise in a patient who presents with rasburicase induced hemolysis and avoid administration of methylene blue even if the patient is from a low risk ethnicity for G6PD as in our patient.
 ...
PMID:Rasburicase induced severe hemolysis and methemoglobinemia in a Caucasian patient complicated by acute renal failure and ARDS. 3060 5

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication seen in patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). More than half of patients with HLH require renal replacement therapy (RRT). There are four main causes of kidney dysfunction in HLH, which include acute tubular necrosis (ATN), hypoperfusion, tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), and HLH-related glomerulopathies. Bile cast nephropathy (BCN) is a known cause of kidney injury in patients with liver failure and hyperbilirubinemia. We present the case of a 58-year-old man who presented to the hospital with painless jaundice, choluria, acholia, and generalized malaise and was found to have hyperbilirubinemia and kidney injury in the setting of HLH, who underwent a renal biopsy showing bile salt casts with degenerating tubular lining cells consistent with BCN. This case highlights the importance of considering BCN as a cause of kidney injury when a patient with HLH presents with liver failure and elevated bilirubin levels.
 ...
PMID:Bile Cast Nephropathy Secondary to Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis With Liver Failure. 3304 69