Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022575 (keratoconjunctivitis sicca)
 772 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We followed 210 cases of JRA closely for 14 years. Thirty-six patients (17.2%) developed iridocyclitis; it most frequently occurred in young females (0-4 years) with monarticular or pauciarticular form of the disease. In 30% of the patients iridocyclitis was first detected after 16 years of age. Forty-two percent had active iridocyclitis on entry. By combining quantitative antinuclear antibody titers with age, sex, and time on onset of arthritis, it has been possible to define the risk of developing iridocyclitis in individual patients. Our approach was effective in detecting iridocyclitis in new cases and exacerbations of the disease in established cases. Forty-four percent of patients with iridocyclitis had one or more identifiable early signs or symptoms. Iridocyclitis in 36% of patients did not respond to more than 6 months of intensive topical treatment with corticosteroids and mydriatics. Despite this statistic, patients had a better outcome than those experiencing the 50% incidence of blinding complications cited in earlier studies. Cataract and band keratopathy occurred in only 19% and 11% of our group, respectively. Only one case of chorioretinopathy was found in 173 patients who had received antimalarials; a significant number of posterior subcapsular cataracts were found in 75 patients who had received systemic corticosteroids. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca developed in 3 patients with iridocyclitis. Surgical treatment of cataracts, band keratopathy, and glaucoma achieved uniformly discouraging results.
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PMID:The ocular manifestations of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. 26 99

We followed 210 cases of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis closely for eleven years. Thirty-six of the 210 patients (17.2%) developed iridocyclitis. Iridocyclitis was seen most frequently in young female patients (0 to 4 years) with the monoarticular or pauciatricular form of the arthritis. However, 30% of the patients developed uveitis after 16 years of age. Although 61% of patients had a noncontributory ocular history on entry, 42% had active uveitis on entry. Our approach was effective in detecting uveitis in new cases and exacerbations of uveitis in established cases. Forty-four percent of patients with uveitis had one or more identifiable signs or symptoms, such as red eye, ocular pain, decreased visual acuity, or photophobia, in order of decreasing frequency. Even after early detection and prompt treatment, 41% of cases of uveitis did not respond to more than six months of intensive topical treatment with corticosteroids and mydriatics. Despite this, there was a dramatic decrease in the 50% incidence of blinding complications of uveitis cited in earlier studies. Cataract and band keratopathy occurred in only 22 and 13% of our group, respectively. We used chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in 173 of 210 cases and found only one case of chorioretinopathy attributable to these drugs. Systemically administered corticosteroids were used in 75 of 210 cases; a significant number of posterior subcapsular cataracts was found. Typical keratoconjunctivitis sicca developed in three of the uveitis cases. This association with uveitis and JRA was not noted previously. Surgical treatment of cataracts, band keratopathy, and glaucoma achieved uniformly discouraging results.
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PMID:Ocular manifestations of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. 107 93

Cataract surgery in the dog can be a highly successful and rewarding technique for restoring vision to the cataract patient. Coexisting ocular conditions can complicate cataract surgery or be a contraindication for lens removal; these include KCS, uveitis, glaucoma, lens subluxation, and retinal disease. Techniques for cataract surgery include intracapsular cataract extraction, extracapsular cataract extraction, and phacofragmentation, both extracapsular and endocapsular (intercapsular). Phacofragmentation is probably the most successful technique in the dog at this time. Postoperative complications include uveitis, hyphema, glaucoma, capsular opacities, corneal endothelial damage, and retinal detachments. Newer methods of dealing with these problems include the use of viscoelastic materials and IOL implants intraoperatively and the use of the Nd:YAG laser for posterior capsulotomies postoperatively.
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PMID:Cataract surgery. Current approaches. 219 56

An eight-week general practice based prospective study was carried out to determine the incidence and prevalence of various eye conditions and the frequency of prescription of different topical eye preparations. The most frequently diagnosed eye conditions were infectious conjunctivitis (35%), glaucoma (16%), allergic conjunctivitis (11%), and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (9%). Betamethasone was the fourth most commonly prescribed preparation (9%). Eye preparations containing steroids accounted for 14% of prescriptions. Two cases of steroid induced glaucoma are presented as an illustration of the potential hazards of these preparations. The pathogenesis of steroid induced glaucoma is discussed.
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PMID:Steroid induced glaucoma: a report of two cases with a review of morbidity and prescribing in general practice. 237 15

We studied four patients who, having received postoperative 5-fluorouracil after glaucoma filtering operations, developed serious corneal complications. All four patients had preexisting corneal abnormalities including keratoconjunctivitis sicca, exposure keratopathy, and bullous keratopathy. All of the patients developed epithelial defects in the postoperative period. The complications included bacterial corneal ulceration (two patients), sterile corneal ulceration and corneal perforation (one patient), and a keratinized corneal plaque with underlying sterile stromal infiltrate (one patient). The use of 5-fluorouracil, which is an antimetabolite with considerable corneal epithelial toxicity, after glaucoma filtering surgery frequently causes corneal epithelial defects that may lead to secondary complications. Patients receiving this drug should have their corneal status closely monitored. In patients with corneal epithelial disease, 5-fluorouracil should be used with caution.
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PMID:Serious corneal complications of glaucoma filtering surgery with postoperative 5-fluorouracil. 381 20

During the past decade 2,436 patients with primary glaucoma were treated in the Budapest Eye Clinic. Symptoms and/or signs of dry eye syndrome were seen in 108 of them, i.e., 4.43%. In 42 cases these symptoms developed during conservative glaucoma treatment. Strikingly, there were more men among these patients than in the control group of sicca patients without glaucoma and there were less patients with generalized diseases related to keratoconjunctivitis sicca in the group of glaucoma patients with dry eyes. The Schirmer test was positive in a smaller percentage and corneal staining with bengal rose was more frequent in the group of sicca patients with glaucoma than in the group of sicca patients without glaucoma. Most of the glaucoma patients with dry eyes received pilocarpine dropps. The most noteworthy electron-microscopic feature of the bulbar conjunctiva was the reduction in frequency, height and width of the microplicae on the surface of the epithelial cells. The intercellular spaces were enlarged among the superficial cells and vacuoles appeared in their cytoplasm.
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PMID:[Glaucoma and the dry eye syndrome]. 741 53

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy is a common glomerulonephritis of unknown cause. Episcleritis, scleritis, anterior uveitis, and keratoconjunctivitis sicca have been associated with this disease. We diagnosed angle-closure glaucoma secondary to ciliochoroidal effusion in a patient with IgA nephropathy confirmed by biopsy. High-frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy was used to determine internal relationships of angle structures and to follow changes with treatment. Supraciliary effusion undetected by B-scan ultrasound and retinal examination was easily imaged by ultrasound biomicroscopy. Glaucoma mechanisms included forward rotation of the ciliary processes, which caused direct angle closure in a manner similar to plateau iris. Ultrasound biomicroscopy showed that cycloplegia improved this mechanism by retracting the ciliary processes, but angle closure secondary to forward iris bowing from pupil block remained. Iridectomy was performed and immediately opened the angle. Ultrasound biomicroscopy proved a useful method of defining mechanisms and a helpful guide to treatment in this type of glaucoma.
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PMID:An ultrasound biomicroscopic analysis of angle-closure glaucoma secondary to ciliochoroidal effusion in IgA nephropathy. 835 58

Information on the incidence of eye disease in dogs, presented to the Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital, was extracted from the records of the ophthalmology clinic for the 5 years 1990-1995. The German shepherd dog and maltese each accounted for more than twice as many patients as any other breed. The most important diseases according to breed incidence were cataracts, glaucoma, corneal ulcers, progressive retinal atrophy, iris prolapse, pannus/pigmentation and keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Problem areas in private practice were clearly identifiable and arose for different reasons.
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PMID:The incidence of eye disease in dogs in a veterinary academic hospital: 1772 cases. 912 Aug 50

Aquaporins (AQPs) and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) provide the molecular routes for transport of water and chloride, respectively, through many epithelial tissues. In ocular epithelia, fluid transport generally involves secondary active chloride transport, which creates the osmotic gradient to drive transepithelial water transport. This review is focused on the role of AQPs and CFTR in water and ion transport across corneal/conjunctival epithelia, corneal endothelium, ciliary epithelium, and retinal pigment epithelium. The potential relevance of water and chloride transport to common disorders of ocular fluid balance is also considered. Recent data suggest AQPs and CFTR as attractive targets for drug development for therapy of keratoconjunctivitis sicca, recurrent corneal erosions, corneal edema, glaucoma, retinal detachment, and retinal ischemia.
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PMID:Aquaporins and CFTR in ocular epithelial fluid transport. 1686 75

The ocular surface is a new concept including the cornea, the conjunctiva, the lids and the lachrymal tear film in a new approach as an anatomic, physiologic and physiopathologic entity. The goal of the ocular surface, in a functional approach, is the maintenance of the corneal transparency. Ocular surface diseases are very frequent with numerous aspects and aetiologies and with no specificity for functional or clinical signs, particularly in chronical forms. Inflammation is most frequently associated in chronical diseases, subclinically as in keratoconjunctivitis sicca or, predominantly in allergy or immunologic dysfunction. Ocular surface is also involved in several kinds of subspecialties as iatrogenic toxicity, contactologia, and, on a surgical way, corneal refractive surgery, ocular surface reconstruction with graft and also filtering surgery for glaucoma.
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PMID:[Pathology of the ocular surface]. 1690 23


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