Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022575 (keratoconjunctivitis sicca)
 772 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ophthalmic state of 18 women patients between 40 and 69 years of age with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) was studied. Tear secretion was studied by Schirmer I., break up time and conjunctival and corneal bengal rose staining tests. In 15 cases serious degree of keratoconjunctivitis sicca has been revealed. Xanthelasma of the lid was found in three patients. Visual functions were intact. Kayser-Fleischer ring was absent in every case. There was no connection between the duration or laboratory characteristics of the PBC and the severity of the keratoconjunctivitis sicca. In nine patients of the cases requiring tear substitution eye drops of methylcellulosum available in Hungary were insufficient. Hydroxypropyl-methylcellulosum drops of eye gel containing peptides of low molecular weight eliminated the symptoms in these cases. The authors emphasize that PBC should be considered as a possible underlying disease in women over 30 years with severe dry eye syndrome.
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PMID:[Dry eye syndrome in patients with biliary cirrhosis]. 152 84

During the past decade 2,436 patients with primary glaucoma were treated in the Budapest Eye Clinic. Symptoms and/or signs of dry eye syndrome were seen in 108 of them, i.e., 4.43%. In 42 cases these symptoms developed during conservative glaucoma treatment. Strikingly, there were more men among these patients than in the control group of sicca patients without glaucoma and there were less patients with generalized diseases related to keratoconjunctivitis sicca in the group of glaucoma patients with dry eyes. The Schirmer test was positive in a smaller percentage and corneal staining with bengal rose was more frequent in the group of sicca patients with glaucoma than in the group of sicca patients without glaucoma. Most of the glaucoma patients with dry eyes received pilocarpine dropps. The most noteworthy electron-microscopic feature of the bulbar conjunctiva was the reduction in frequency, height and width of the microplicae on the surface of the epithelial cells. The intercellular spaces were enlarged among the superficial cells and vacuoles appeared in their cytoplasm.
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PMID:[Glaucoma and the dry eye syndrome]. 741 53

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, or dry eye syndrome, is a complex condition characterized by inflammation of the ocular surface and tear-producing glands. Emerging awareness of the etiology of dry eye has led to the development of highly effective therapy. When dry eye is controlled, there is significant potential for cost savings.
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PMID:Dry eye moves beyond palliative therapy. 1472 7

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), also known as dry eye syndrome, dry eye disease, chronic dry eye disease, or keratitis sicca, refers to disorders of the tear film caused by reduced tear production, poor tear quality, or excessive tear evaporation. These disorders are associated with such symptoms of ocular discomfort as irritation, foreign body sensation, or redness, and may cause disease of the ocular surface.
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PMID:Guidelines for the treatment of chronic dry eye disease. 1472 10

Millions of individuals suffer from a health condition known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS, also known as 'dry eye'). Studies have indicated that the lipids in the tear film layer, which covers the outer portion of the eye, may be directly correlated with the existence of dry eye syndrome. By identifying and comparing the major, non-polar lipids in normal eye tears with a dry eye model, it may be possible to identify a symptom of, or a contributing factor to, dry eye. Electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (ES-MS/MS) was used to identify and compare the non-polar lipids, detected as lithium adducts, from normal and dry eye tear samples obtained from rabbits. A limited number of normal human tear samples were also examined for lipid content, and a close resemblance to rabbit was observed. Three distinct regions were delineated in the ES mass spectra of the non polar lipids, m/z 20-500, 500-800 and 800-1100. A common feature noted among identified lipid components was a glycerol backbone with fatty acyl substituents attached. Product ion spectra were obtained for lithiated monoacyl-, 1,2- and 1,3-diacyl- and triacylglyceride standards. Newly proposed structures and fragmentation pathways for the major product ions are presented for the 1,2- and 1,3-diglycerides, and also for the monoglyceride. New approaches to distinguishing asymmetric 1,2-diglycerides and 1,2- from 1,3-diglycerides are proposed. For the rabbit tear samples, the m/z 20-500 range contains monoester diols with empirical formulas C(n)H(2n)O(4), the m/z 500-800 range includes diesters with empirical formulas C(n)H(2n-2)O(5) and the m/z 800-1100 range contains triesters with empirical formulas C(n)H(2n-4)O(6). Also found in the extracts were three isoprene acetals (terpenoids).
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PMID:Identification, quantification and comparison of major non-polar lipids in normal and dry eye tear lipidomes by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. 1553 45

Over the past 20 years it has become clear that dry eye syndrome (DES) or keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) is a complex multifactorial disease characterized by an immune and inflammatory process that affects the lacrimal glands and ocular surface. In this paradigm, inflammation is seen as both the cause and consequence of conjunctival and corneal cell damage. In this chapter, we identify the unique characteristics of the lacrimal gland, the role of epithelial cells, regulatory T cells, and cytokines in maintaining ocular surface homeostasis and tear secretion function. We analyze the factors inducing loss of the lacrimal gland homeostasis and its consequences, and in so doing hope to provide a picture of the role of the immune system in the pathophysiology of KCS and useful information to help understand the complexity of DES.
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PMID:Dry eye syndromes. 1726 93

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the commonest multisystem genetic disease of white races, caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), encoded on the long arm of chromosome 7. Mutations in the CFTR gene result in defective sodium, chloride, and water transport in the epithelial cells of the respiratory, hepatobiliary, gastrointestinal, and reproductive tracts, the pancreas, and the eye. The pathogenesis of ocular changes in CF is still unknown, but CF belongs to the large pathologic group of ocular surface epithelial diseases, termed keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), that develop in dry eye syndrome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) in the tear fluid of CF patients. We also investigated the correlation between the tear levels of this chemokine and clinical severity of CF and ocular surface disease. We studied 25 patients with CF with a mean age of 14 years. Chemokine levels were determined by ELISA. Complete ophthalmic examination, including dry eye tests, were used to study the ocular surface. The tear levels of MIP-1alpha in the CF patients were significantly higher when compared with healthy controls. We found a negative correlation between the tear levels of MIP-1alpha and clinical severity in CF patients and a positive correlation between the tear levels of MIP-1alpha and the presence of dry eye findings in CF patients. This current study indicates that chemokines play an important role in the ongoing inflammatory response. Our findings may help to explain one of the key factors contributing to the pathogenesis of ocular surface changes in CF patients.
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PMID:Elevated tear fluid levels of MIP-1alpha in patients with cystic fibrosis. 1757 13

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to review the incidence of the dry eye syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, evaluate the association among the incidence of the dry eye syndrome, presence of positive rheumatoid factor (RF), the RA stage, and the duration of the disease. The group consisted of altogether 100 patients, 16 men and 84 women; the average age was 58.9 years (SD 14.6). The average duration of RA was 12.3 years, SD 11.0. In each patient, the Schirmer test I was performed, the presence of the LIPCOF (Lid Parallel Conjunctival Folds) on the slit lamp was assessed, the BUT (Tear Break-Up Time) was measured and vital fluorescein staining was performed. In each patient the data of the presence or absence of the RF in the serum, RA severity according to the X-ray examination, and the disease duration were recorded. The Pearson's association test for nominal variables was used for statistical evaluation of the association between the rheumatoid arthritis presence and the dry eye syndrome. In our group of 100 patients, the Schirmer test I was positive in 67% of patients. Positive BUT was marked in 84 % of patients. The conjunctival folds were present in 45 % of patients only. The pathological findings after cornea fluorescein staining appeared in 18 % of patients. The dry eye syndrome incidence was marked in 74% of patients with RA. Subjective difficulties were declared by 38.3% of patients only. The local treatment was already established in 23.0% of patients only. We did not find statistically significant correlation between the RF positive rheumatoid arthritis appearance and dry eye syndrome, nor between the stage of the rheumatoid arthritis and presence of the dry eye syndrome. We proved statistical connection between the presence of dry eye syndrome and the duration of rheumatoid arthritis longer than 10 years. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca is the most common ocular complication in rheumatoid arthritis patients. We proved the connection between the dry eye syndrome presence and duration of the RA longer than 10 years; we did not find the dependence among the RF presence and stage of the rheumatoid arthritis and the appearance of the dry eye syndrome. The early diagnosis of the dry eye syndrome and the effective local therapy may prevent very serious corneal complications, which are difficult to treat.
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PMID:[Dry eye syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis patients]. 1806 66

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca is one of the most common ocular diseases world-wide. These patients suffer from severe symptoms which lead to an extremely reduced quality of life. Dry eye syndrome constitutes a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to all ophthalmologists because there is often a discrepancy between objective ocular signs and subjective symptoms of the patients. Furthermore, there exist only few causal therapeutic options. The physician-patient relationship plays an outstanding role in this condition. For the treatment of moderate to severe dry eye syndrome, special dry eye clinics have proved to be extremely useful. For follow-up measurements as well as the realisation of evidence-based medicine and quality control, it is a fundamental necessity to document symptoms, signs and therapy of these patients in order to optimise therapeutic strategies. For this purpose, we have developed special forms and standardised questionnaires for the individual documentation of medical history and diagnostic findings. To objectively assess the patient's complaints we use the "ocular surface disease index" (OSDI score). Only the establishment of standardised diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms with the help of special forms and questionnaires can help in the long run to improve the treatment of these severely affected patients.
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PMID:[Screening questionnaire for documentation of medical history and diagnostic findings in dry eye disease]. 2039 92

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. The disease affects all secretory epithelia including the eye and belongs to the group of ocular surface epithelial diseases, termed keratoconjunctivitis sicca that develop in dry eye. In the pathogenesis of dry eye, inflammation plays a crucial role. The aim of this study was to assess the potential role of MIP-1beta in the pathogenesis of dry eye syndrome in patients with CF. We assayed MIP-1beta levels in tear fluid and serum of 28 patients with CF and 27 controls by ELISA. The ophthalmic examinations including the tests for dry eye were used to study the ocular surface. The tear levels of MIP-1beta in the CF patients were significantly higher than those in the controls. Dry eye syndrome was observed in 10 (36%) CF patients. The tear fluid levels of MIP-1beta were significantly raised in CF patients with dry eye syndrome compared with CF patients without dry eye symptoms. Our results suggest a crucial role of CCL4/MIP-1beta in the development of dry eye syndrome in CF patients and immunopathogenesis of ocular surface changes in this disease. Clarification of the role of CCL4/MIP-1beta in the pathogenesis of ocular findings in CF patients will be useful in establishing immunotherapeutic strategies for this disease.
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PMID:CCL4/MIP-1beta levels in tear fluid and serum of patients with cystic fibrosis. 2057 39


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