Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The increased incidence of corneal graft failure in patients with herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis may be due in part to reactivation of latent HSV following surgical corneal trauma and postoperative corticosteroid therapy. To determine the onset, frequency, and nature of HSV recurrences following penetrating keratoplasty (PKP), 21 HSV type 1 (HSV-1) latently infected rabbits underwent unilateral autograft PKP. Opposite unoperated eyes served as HSV-1 latently infected controls. Corneal autografts were performed so that immunologic graft rejection would not be confused with recurrent HSV-1 stromal disease. After PKP, 11 of the 21 eyes were treated with dexamethasone. Ocular cultures and slit-lamp examinations were performed daily for the first postoperative 8 days and every other day thereafter for 82 days. Nine (82%) of the 11 dexamethasone-treated PKP eyes, 2 (20%) of the PKP eyes not treated with dexamethasone, and 3 (17%) of the 18 unoperated eyes had positive HSV-1 ocular cultures. Geographic ulcers appeared only in the PKP eyes treated with dexamethasone; 9 (82%) of the 11 PKP eyes treated with dexamethasone developed geographic ulcers. Between the 24th and 90th postoperative days, stromal keratitis appeared in 5 (56%) of the 9 PKP eyes treated with dexamethasone and in 2 (25%) of the 8 PKP eyes not treated with dexamethasone. Autograft PKP with postoperative corticosteroids significantly increased HSV-1 ocular shedding, epithelial ulceration, and stromal keratitis. This experimental model provides a useful tool to further investigate the development and treatment of HSV-1 epithelial and stromal recurrences after PKP.
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PMID:Penetrating keratoplasty in rabbits induces latent HSV-1 reactivation when corticosteroids are used. 256 Jun 94

The corneas of 50 normal subjects were examined before and after electroretinography performed with gold foil electrodes. Examination included slit-lamp biomicroscopy and staining with sodium fluorescein. All corneas were normal on examination prior to electroretinography. Three types of transient corneal changes were observed--punctate epithelial keratitis, corneal erosions, and stromal thinning. Each cornea was assigned a numerical damage score based on a simple scoring system. Thirty one subjects (62%) had some degree of corneal change, and in three cases (6%) follow-up was required. Multiple regression analysis was performed to discover any risk factors. Both age of the subject and the use of local anaesthetic were strongly associated with corneal changes.
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PMID:Transient corneal changes associated with the use of gold foil electrodes. 261 Nov 95

Experimental fungal keratitis was established in the pigmented rabbit by intralamellar injection of Aspergillus fumigutus suspension after superficial corneal trephination. Examination of clinical manifestations was combined with light microscopy, SEM, TEM, and slit-lamp microscopy in the study of pathological and symptomatic development. The morbidity occurred in all the 45 eyes inoculated, as corneal ulcer (100%), immunity ring (72%), hypopyon (64%), and radial turbidity of hyphae growth (28%); satellite lesions were not found. The pathogenesis of keratomycosis possibly included direct damage by fungal extension, infiltration of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and action of fungal toxins. The pathological basis for the clinical manifestations of keratomycosis was also discussed.
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PMID:[Light and electron microscopic observations of experimental keratomycosis]. 268 77

The ophthalmic literature of the past half century contains relatively few reports of true exfoliation of the lens capsule, reflecting a reduction in the occupation-related occurrence of "glassblower's cataract." The authors report 11 eyes (7 patients) with a diaphanous membrane arising from the anterior lens capsule, which they have identified by slit-lamp biomicroscopy. None of the seven patients had had extended exposure to an infrared-emitting heat source or ocular trauma; one patient with bilateral true exfoliation of the lens capsule had a history of unilateral herpes simplex keratitis. The average age of these patients at the time of diagnosis was 85.4 years. Identification of these 11 eyes by two ophthalmologists during a 6-year period suggests that idiopathic true exfoliation of the lens capsule has been underdetected, under-reported, or both.
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PMID:Idiopathic true exfoliation of the lens capsule. 271 May 27

Both eyes of female albino rabbits (1.9 kg) were exposed to a single dose of UV-B (300 +/- 9 nm; 0.125 J/cm2 total dose) between 13.30 and 15.00 h. The average irradiance was 209 +/- 4 microW/cm2 delivered over 612 +/- 13 s. At various time periods thereafter (every 12 h for 3 days, 6, 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 112, 224 and 336 days post-irradiation), the animals were subjected to a full slit lamp examination to evaluate the status of the cornea and the anterior segment along with optical or ultrasonic pachometry of central corneal thickness. The results were compared with studies on age-matched rabbits over the same time period. In response to the UV-B irradiation, the corneas showed a modest edema (20% increase in central corneal thickness) that peaked at 48 h. Nearly normal central corneal thickness returned in 6 days and followed by a secondary very slight swelling (less than 5%) that resolved by 14 days. The edema was accompanied by keratitis over the same period. Thereafter, both control and UV-B irradiated corneas progressively increased in thickness with age. Biomicroscopy also revealed the appearance of granular opacities in the corneal epithelium that peaked at 72-96 h and resolved over 28 days. In addition, very small microdot opacities of the corneal epithelium were present in the UV-B irradiated corneas that reached maximum at 72 h but persisted to some degree throughout the evaluation period. Biomicroscopy also revealed a progressive disruption of the homogeneous nature of the corneal stroma by the appearance of large 'bread crumb'-like opacities that started at 72 h and was still present at the end of the evaluation period. These results suggest that long-term evaluation of the cornea is important after acute UV-B exposure and indicate that acute exposure to UV-R can produce corneal changes resembling those reported following chronic exposure to UV-R-rich environments.
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PMID:Long-term effects of a single dose of ultraviolet-B on albino rabbit cornea--I. in vivo analyses. 271 Aug 27

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) ocular shedding and recurrent corneal epithelial lesions were assessed following an intravenous injection of cyclophosphamide (75 mg/kg) and 24 hr later an intravenous injection of dexamethasone (4 mg/kg) in 24 eyes of 15 rabbits latently infected with HSV-1 strain McKrae. Sampling for HSV-1 ocular shedding and epithelial lesion began on the day after cyclophosphamide injection and continued for 8 consecutive days. Ocular tear film was collected on a Dacron swab with care taken to avoid swabbing the corneal epithelium. Slit-lamp biomicroscopic examination was used to observe and characterize induced HSV-1 corneal epithelial lesions as deep punctate keratitis, dendritic keratitis or geographic epithelial defects. The ratio of positive days of epithelial lesions per total days was 82/187 (44%). There were 32 deep punctate lesions, 17 dendritic lesions, and 33 geographic epithelial defects. The ratio of positive swabs per total swabs was 78/187 (42%). Of the 82 positive lesion days, 54 (66%) were associated with a positive swab. Of the 78 positive swabs, 54 (69%) were associated with an epithelial lesion. Of the 54 days of both positive lesion and swab, 16 (30%) were associated with a dendritic lesion. By chi-square analysis, there was a significant association between HSV-1 swabs and HSV-1 lesions (P less than 0.001). These results confirm that intravenous injections of cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone induce both HSV-1 ocular shedding and recurrent herpes simplex corneal lesions in rabbits latently infected with HSV-1 strain McKrae.
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PMID:Recurrent HSV-1 corneal lesions in rabbits induced by cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone. 292 10

An experimental model was developed for studying ocular infections with herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 in vitamin A-deficient (-A) and pair-fed control (+A) rats. The severity and course of the disease was evaluated by clinical examination, slit lamp biomicroscopy and histopathologic observations. Experimental animals were in good health and were infected in the early stages of vitamin deficiency (either prior to or at the beginning of the weight plateau). In all trials the onset of herpetic keratitis was more rapid and the clinical disease more severe in -A rats compared to +A controls. Mean slit lamp scores (which assessed the severity of the corneal disease) increased from 3 to 10 d after infection and were higher (P less than 0.002) in -A rats at all time points and doses of virus tested. The inflammatory response in the cornea and uveal tract of -A rats was significantly higher than that of +A animals. Since ocular HSV disease is a common cause of blindness, the availability of a rat model should be valuable in studies of the role of nutritional factors in host susceptibility and response to viral challenge. Mild vitamin A deficiency increased the severity of experimental corneal HSV infections and resulted in a high incidence of epithelial ulceration and necrosis.
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PMID:Ocular infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) in vitamin A-deficient and control rats. 299 22

An 8-year-old boy developed erythema multiforme major after topical administration of sodium sulfacetamide for conjunctivitis. He had received systemic treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole four months previously without evidence of drug allergy. There was no history of recent exposure to other drugs or evidence of herpes simplex or Mycoplasma infection. After 12 days of treatment with erythromycin ointment, 1% prednisolone eyedrops, systemic prednisone, and intravenous nafcillin, the patient's condition improved dramatically. A slit-lamp examination showed only superficial punctate keratitis. Two months later his visual acuity had improved from 20/200 bilaterally to R.E.: 20/40 and L.E.: 20/30.
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PMID:Erythema multiforme after use of topical sulfacetamide. 315 22

The pathogenicity of F. solani was compared with that of Candida albicans in experimental keratitis in rabbits. F. solani was inoculated into the right eye of each rabbit, and C. albicans into the left eye. The corneal lesions in both eyes were examined by slit lamp every day for 3 weeks and the severity of infections compared clinically and histopathologically. F. solani produced significantly more severe clinical infection in the cornea, compared to C. albicans. Histopathologically, F. solani appeared to spread more rapidly, enter the anterior chamber more easily, and produce a more severe inflammatory reaction in the cornea, compared to C. albicans.
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PMID:Comparison of the pathogenicities of Fusarium solani and Candida albicans in the rabbit cornea. 353 61

Various marketed chloramphenicol ophthalmic solutions were compared and various dilutions of Tobrex Ophthalmic Solution were tested for effectiveness in a Staphylococcus aureus rabbit keratitis model. Anesthetized rabbits were each infected intracorneally with 10(4) Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29737 cells. Treatment groups consisted of five or six rabbits (10 or 12 eyes) per group. One group of rabbits was infected but not treated (Positive Control Group). Topical dosing of commercially available ophthalmic solutions was accomplished by depositing 0.1 mL of a color-coded test solution into the lower cul-de-sac of each eye. Dosing begin one hour after the mid-infection time and continued for a total of nine hourly treatments. Twenty-four hours after infection the rabbit eyes were graded (masked) using standard slit-lamp scoring procedures. The slit-lamp scores for five of eight ocular parameters were used to calculate an eye score value for each rabbit eye. The five ocular parameters were selected, based on previous Stepwise Discriminant Computer Analysis of over 300 rabbit eyes infected with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29737 and treated with various antibiotics. The eye score values for each group were averaged and the treatments were compared for significant differences in efficacy using the nonparametric, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Efficacy of topical chloramphenicol and tobramycin ophthalmic solutions in preventing severe Staphylococcus aureus keratitis in rabbits. 404 64


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