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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The various surgical managements of herpes simplex keratitis are listed. Our management is "atraumatic" keratoplasty, if vision is reduced, if the disease is protracted, or if perforation occurs. Our preoperative care is aimed at the production of a quiet eye with no active virus infection, by the use of antiviral drops, steroids, antibiotics, and bandage contact lenses. Removal of all corneal disease is desirable, but not mandatory. Perforations are managed in the same manner, but the host window is started at the perforation. Postoperative management is characterized by the use of therapeutic modalities necessary to prevent or treat complications, including steroids and frequent observation to check for complications of treatment. Our understanding of herpes simplex virus infections as they relate to surgical management is presented. The results of treatment warrant continuation of our efforts--but lead to the conclusion that it would be most helpful if latent virus infection could be eradicated.
Cutis 1976 Dec
PMID:Surgical management of herpes simplex keratitis. 101 11

It was shown by the method of scanning photometry suggested by the authors that rabbits with experimentally-induced keratitis displayed a three-phasic reaction of the area of the corneal burn: that of the enhanced fluorescein sorption at the reactive phase: that of the loss of the sorption capacity in the dystrophic stage, and that of the secondary absorption intensification during the regenerative stage. The mentioned phasic changes can be used for the diagnosis and objective assessment of the clinical course of keratitis.
Biull Eksp Biol Med 1976 Dec
PMID:[Kinetics of corneal fluorescence in experimental keratitis]. 102 62

Morphologic changes in rabbit cornea accompanying herpes simplex keratitis especially under the treatment of ethyldeoxyuridine (EDU) are summarized in regard to clinical aspects, light microscopy and electron microscopy. Untreated eyes show virus-dependent characteristic changes of the cell structure: peripheral migration of the cell chromatin, swelling of the nucleus, and disappearance of the nucleolus are persistent. In the nucleus as well as in the cytoplasm mature and immature virus particles are visible which demonstrate the normal virus-replication course. In the EDU treated cornea these particular changes are observed only in the primary stage. After prolonged treatment in the nucleus of the infected cells there are only immature virus particles with optically empty center. This can be evaluated as a sign of inhibition of the normal replication. No virus formation was detected in the cytoplasm. After 7 day treatment of EDU, the corneal epithelium is almost of normal structural appearance. Accordingly, the present results on the rabbit seem to correlate well with the reported therapeutic antiherpetic studies in the human cornea.
Albrecht Von Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol 1975 Dec 04
PMID:[Clinical, light- and electron-microscopic investigations on the effect of 5-ethyl-2-deoxyuridine (EDU) in herpes simplex keratitis in rabbits (author's transl)]. 108 69

Rabbits, pre-immunized by intravenous inoculations of live, or of freeze-killed microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus, were later challenged by subconjunctival inoculation of live microfilariae. Those pre-immunized with live microfilariae showed a marked chemotic conjunctivitis and reactions in the cornea (stromal keratitis and limbal abscesses), starting within one day of challenge. They were classed as sensitized. Those pre-immunized with dead microfilariae produced minimal reactions also starting on day 1, and were classed as tolerant. Histologically the reactions were distinctly greater in sensitized than in tolerant animals. The predominant cells in the inflammatory exudate were polymorphonuclear leucocytes and lymphocytes. The immunological basis for the differences between sensitized and tolerant rabbits is discussed, together with its possible bearing on human onchocerciasis. The effects of long-term subconjunctival and sclerocorneal inoculation of microfilariae were compared in one sensitized, one tolerant, one previously exposed, and one sensitized control rabbit. The sensitized test animal showed lesions resembling the sclerosing keratitis of human onchocerciasis. Immature microfilariae taken from intra-nodular fluid showed little ability to penetrate the cornea of the rabbit, and were minimally pathogenic.
Tropenmed Parasitol 1975 Dec
PMID:Reactions to subconjunctival inoculation of Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae in pre-immunized rabbits. 121 32

A case of unilateral paralimbal scleromalacia (so-called spontaneous scleral intercalary perforation) is presented. The otherwise healthy patient was folowed over a period of more than 10 years. Two years before the condition was diagnosed, the patient had an attack of scleritis in the same eye. The disease was complicated by keratitis and resulted in an eye with light perception only. Scleral tissue from the defect was examined histologically.
Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1975 Dec
PMID:Paralimbal scleromalacia. So-called spontaneous scleral intercalary perforation. 124 37

As Jones has emphasized, the successful management of microbial keratitis, fungal or otherwise, necessitates five steps: (1) clinical suspicion and clinical diagnosis; (2) performing the proper laboratory procedures; (3) initiating antimicrobial therapy based on the results of laboratory studies; (4) modifying the initial therapy based on the clinical response; and (5) deciding correctly when and how to terminate therapy. Keratomycosis poses special diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for ophthalmologists because of its low incidence, and its resistance to treatment, because of the lack of antifungal agents with good penetration into the eye, and because of the difficulties in obtaining meaningful in vitro drug susceptibility results for fungal isolates. We believe, however, that ophthalmologists are now diagnosing keratomycosis earlier and treating it more effectively.
Infect Dis Clin North Am 1992 Dec
PMID:Fungal keratitis. 146 Feb 66

The use of the limulus amoebocyte lysate for the early and rapid detection of gram-negative endotoxin contamination of contact lenses and their solutions could reduce the risk of a keratitis developing that is associated with these devices. Using multiple aliquots from 17 unopened brands of commercially available contact lens saline solutions (15 for soft, two for hard), plus multiple aliquots from these solutions mixed with bacterial endotoxin, we evaluated the ability of two limulus amoebocyte lysate (0.125 endotoxin units/mL) products to detect the presence or absence of gram-negative endotoxin contamination. Sensitivity ranged from 65% (11/17) to 82% (14/17) when the solutions were tested undiluted. When diluted 1:8, the sensitivity increased to 100%. Specificity was 100% for undiluted and diluted specimens. The solutions used for hard contact lenses had the highest false-negative results. The limulus amoebocyte lysate can be used to detect the presence of gram-negative endotoxin in contact lens solutions.
Arch Ophthalmol 1992 Dec
PMID:Rapid detection of gram-negative endotoxin contamination of contact lens saline solutions. 146 20

Thirty patients with first episode disciform keratitis and with no previous steroid exposure were randomly assigned to double blind treatment with 3% acyclovir ointment and 0.1% betamethasone (Betnesol) drops or acyclovir ointment and matching placebo. In the steroid group 14 of the 15 patients healed in a mean time of 21.8 days. In the placebo group eight of the 13 patients healed in a mean time of 34.5 days. The difference in mean healing time between the two groups was significant (p < 0.05). The cumulative rate of healing was also quicker in the steroid group when compared with the placebo group (p < 0.001). Other clinical parameters improved more favourably in the combination treatment group. Four patients, two in either group, experienced a mild transient punctate epitheliopathy, but no other serious adverse effects were noted. There has been no significant difference in the recurrence rate between the two groups after a mean follow-up period of approximately 3 years.
Br J Ophthalmol 1992 Dec
PMID:Acyclovir ointment plus topical betamethasone or placebo in first episode disciform keratitis. 148 70

In earlier experiments on the role of the cytolytic toxin pneumolysin in ocular infections with pneumococcus, we found that a strain carrying a deletion in the gene encoding pneumolysin was considerably less virulent than wild type when tested in an intracorneal model of keratitis in the rabbit. To confirm this result, we have constructed a strain in which pneumolysin activity was restored by transformation of the deleted strain with a plasmid bearing the complete pneumolysin gene. Hemolytic titers of pneumolysin indicated that only one copy of the plasmid per bacterium expresses the pneumolysin gene in this strain. The virulence of this strain was compared with that of wild type and deleted strains transformed with the vector lacking the pneumolysin gene. Slit lamp examination (SLE) scores for eyes infected with the restored strain were similar to those for eyes infected with wild type and significantly greater than those for the pneumolysin-deleted strain. Molecular analysis of bacteria recovered from infected corneas showed that the vector plasmid was retained; however, in most isolates of the restored strain, the plasmid underwent an excision and lost the pneumolysin gene. The cloned gene apparently persisted long enough to induce the pathologic changes, and the results confirm the importance of pneumolysin as a virulence factor in ocular infections.
Curr Eye Res 1992 Dec
PMID:Confirmation of the role of pneumolysin in ocular infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae. 149 Mar 40

The aetiology of chondromalacia patellae and especially the importance of the subchondral space have not been clarified to date. However, clinical findings yielded pointers to a connection between degenerative changes of the articular cartilage and an influence exercised by the subchondral space. In our experiments we performed an operative ischaemia of the patella with interruption of the vascular inflow and outflow on 40 adult rabbits for exactly defined times (2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months). The examinations were carried out using the plastination method, histology, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Marked changes can be seen from the third month onwards: disappearance of the tidemark, degeneration of the cartilaginous cells (formation of clusters) and onset of trachomatous keratitis. These degenerative changes progress further in the animals of 6 months of age. The results indicate that metaplasia of the tidemark plays a significant part in the pathogenesis of degenerative changes of the cartilage. Hence, chondromalacia patellae can be caused by subchondral vascularisation disorders.--This is, therefore, a new concept for the aetiopathogenesis of chondromalacia patellae, a disease pattern that is of great importance in sports orthopaedics.
Sportverletz Sportschaden 1992 Dec
PMID:[Importance of the subchondral space for development of chondromalacia patellae--morphologic study of joint cartilage of the rabbit patella after experimental ischemia]. 149 52


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