Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The inflammatory response to herpes simplex virus infection of the cornea was studied in athymic nude (nu/nu) and heterozygote (nu/+) BALB/c mice. Although athymic mice were highly susceptible to HSV infection and died 13 to 17 days after corneal inoculation, they failed to develop necrotizing keratitis of the cornea. Heterozygote mice survived the initial virual infection, but many of these mice developed necrotizing keratitis and permanent corneal scarring. Light and electron microscopy showed numerous inflammatory cells (polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes) in the corneas of heterozygote mice, but not in the athymic mice. These studies suggest that the immune system plays a dual role in herpes simplex virus infection of the cornea: protection against dissemination of the virus and immunopathogenesis of necrotizing keratitis in the cornea.
Infect Immun 1979 Dec
PMID:Herpetic keratitis in athymic (nude) mice. 16 Aug 87

The development of experimental disciform edema and necrotizing keratitis in the corneas or rabbits following intrastromal inoculation with the RE strain of herpes simplex virus is described. Following an initial episode of conjunctivitis and epithelial keratitis, a mild, centrally localized, stromal edema developed on the fifth day. Stromal edema, opcification, and neovascularization of the cornea reached maximum severity on the seventh to twenty-second day, and began to fade in most eyes thereafter. On the twenty-ninth day most corneas have attained a resolved state characterized by subepithelial granular opacities. Several eyes were observed which developed central necrotizing keratitis. Marked similarities between the animal model and human herpetic stromal keratitis were apparent. Histological observations show that early necrotizing keratitis in the rabbit is characterized by an infiltration of plasma cells and lymphocytes in the limbus, with polymorphonuclear leukocytes, lymphocytes, and macrophages in the central cornea.
Invest Ophthalmol 1976 Dec
PMID:Experimental disciform edema and necrotizing keratitis in the rabbit. 18 31

Immunofluorescence, histological, and electron microscopic observations were made on rabbit corneas from animals with experimentally induced stromal keratitis following intracorneal injection with the RE strain of herpes simplex virus. Electron microscopic observations were also made on human corneas obtained from patients with a history of herpetic stromal disease. Viral antigens were demonstrated by immunofluorescence in keratocytes of rabbit corneas with herpetic stromal keratitis. Electron microscopic observations and viral culture failed to reveal the presence of viral particles in these tissues. Lymphocytes, a major infiltrating cell type found in both the rabbit and human corneas, were often found in intimate contact with degenerating keratocytes.
Am J Ophthalmol 1976 Dec
PMID:Herpetic stromal keratitis-evidence for cell-mediated immunopathogenesis. 18 60

2,277 specimens from 901 eyes were cultured for herpes simplex virus (HSV). 161 of 391 herpes-diseased eyes yielded HSV. The clinico-virological correlation led to a simple diagnostic and therapeutic scheme which is applicable by the ophthalmologist in his office without virological confirmation: 1. Superficial viral herpes (dendritic keratitis and allied disorders), HSV-isolating rate 96%. 2. Stromal herpes (disciform edema, different types of interstitial herpetic keratitis), only sporadical findings of HSV in the lacrimal fluid. The rate of virus-recovery increases, however, when an interstitial herpetic keratitis ulcerates. 3. Metaherpetic corneal disease = chronic or chronic recurrent superficial postherpetic disease without any detectable HSV-activity (main types: metaherpetic erosion, metaherpetic ulcer, metaherpetic bullous keratopathy). One of four superficial herpetic corneal diseases proved to be nonviral, i.e. metaherpetic in our series. Metaherpetic diseases may be widely considered as a therapeutic entity. The differential diagnosis with the slitlamp only and the proposed therapy (highly hydrophilic soft lenses plus adequate additional eye drops) are discussed in detail. Being aware of the diagnostic criteria and taking advantage of a combined soft lens therapy the treatment of metaherpetic corneal disease is easier and more successful than commonly accepted.
Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 1976 Dec
PMID:[Metaherpetic keratitis clinical and virological findings (author's transl)]. 19 Apr 37

Fifty-seven patients with ocular herpes simplex (HS) infection were studied for evaluation of existing methods for virus isolation and its application in diagnosis of HS infection. Virus was isolated in 90% of 34 cases with keratitis dendritica, when specimens were taken within eight days of onset of symptoms. The same isolation frequency was obtained in 10 cases of palpebral herpes with conjunctivitis. No isolation was possible in 11 cases of keratitis disciformis. Laboratory confirmation was obtained within four days in 70% of the positive cases. Ten strains of HS virus type 1 were examined for IDU resistance, 5 strains isolated prior to and 5 during IDU treatment. Nine of the strains had the same degree of sensitivity. One strain isolated during treatment was found to be highly resistant.
Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1977 Dec
PMID:Ocular herpes simplex infection. A clinical evaluation of virus isolation and studies on iodo-deoxyuridine resistance. 20 39

A case of keratoconjunctivitis caused by adenovirus type 21 in London has been described. A 59-year-old woman attented hospital in August 1974 complaining of a 3-week history of redness, grittiness, watery discharge, and photophobia in her left eye and a slight upper respiratory infection. Clinical examination showed a moderate follicular conjuctivitis mainly in the lower and upper fornices, which lasted for 6 weeks. In the cornea a moderate amount of epithelial and subepithelial punctate keratitis was observed. The subepithelial opacities were coarse, discrete, and round and lasted for 4 months. The course of follicular conjunctivitis and the subepithelial punctate keratitis in this patient was similar to epidemic keratoconjunctivitis caused by adenovirus 8. A conjunctival swabbing collected from this patient was positive for adenovirus serotype 21.
Br J Ophthalmol 1978 Dec
PMID:Adenovirus type 21 keratoconjunctivitis. 21 86

Drugs used for the inhibition of DNA viruses, such as iododeoxyuridine, adenine arabinoside, or trifluorothymidine, are not biochemically selective in their action and also interfere with normal cellular functions. The recently reported 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine (acycloguanosine) is selectively phosphorylated by viral thymidine kinase but not by normal cellular thymidine kinase. Our present studies show that the acycloguanosine is as effective in treating herpetic keratitis in the rabbit as iododeoxyuridine and trifluorothymidine when given topically as an ointment. It is also effective when given intravenously for the treatment of herpetic iritis and is effective in preventing death from encephalitis in rabbits.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1978 Dec
PMID:Effect of 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine on herpesvirus-induced keratitis and iritis in rabbits. 21 1

A double-masked, coded trial was undertaken to evaluate the effect of the topical administration of 2% cromolyn sodium eye drops on vernal keratoconjunctivitis in 14 children. One eye of each patient was treated for one year with cromoly, the other eye with placebo. Cromolyn reduced the characteristic vernal keratitis, vernal corneal ulcers and plaques, and limbal edema and infiltrates but did not affect the number or size of the giant papillae. The drug's long-term topical use did not have any adverse side effects.
Arch Ophthalmol 1977 Dec
PMID:Cromolyn effects on vernal keratoconjunctivitis in children. 41 89

Three patients with juvenile-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus had neurotrophic keratitis and/or ulceration presumably related to their diabetes. We suggest that significant neurotrophic corneal disease can occur in diabetic patients. The neurotrophic keratitis and corneal ulcers responded to treatment.
Arch Ophthalmol 1977 Dec
PMID:Neurotrophic corneal ulcers in diabetes mellitus. 58 13

Two patients had an unusual ichthyosiform dermatosis, neurosensory deafness, and vascularizing keratitis. There was no family history of the disorder and no consanguinity. A squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue developed in one child. The association of such an eruption and deafness in previously reported cases is reviewed.
Arch Dermatol 1977 Dec
PMID:Ichthyosiform dermatosis, keratitis, and deafness. 59 1


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