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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fluoroquinolones provide an important single antibiotic therapy for bacterial keratitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus and numerous gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The pharmacokinetics of three ocular fluoroquinolones, norfloxacin (CHIBOXIN, Merck, Sharp & Dohme), ciprofloxacin (CILOXAN, Alcon Laboratories), and ofloxacin (OCUFLOX, Allergan Pharmaceuticals), have been studied in the human eye and in both the normal rabbit eye and rabbit models of keratitis. However, the pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin have not been previously studied in the tear film of rabbits. This study was done to determine the pharmacokinetics of topical ciprofloxacin in the rabbit tear film. Two drops of CILOXAN were applied to the eyes of normal rabbits. Tear samples were collected at 5, 10 and 30 minutes, and 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours after topical drug application. Tear samples were analyzed for ciprofloxacin concentrations by HPLC. Ciprofloxacin concentrations reached a peak at 5 minutes, then declined in a manner similar to that reported for norfloxacin and ofloxacin. The ciprofloxacin concentrations in tears were substantially higher throughout the length of the study than the MIC90 for most ocular pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics of topically applied ciprofloxacin in rabbit tears. 873 10

Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic with broad spectrum bactericidal activity. A commercially available form of ciprofloxacin contains benzalkonium chloride (BAC) (0.006%) and EDTA (0.05%) as preservatives. Since BAC has been shown to cause adverse changes in corneal epithelial cells, a formulation of ciprofloxacin devoid of BAC and EDTA but with the same effectiveness would be valuable. We present here the results of experiments designed to assess the efficacy of a BAC-free and EDTA-free formulation of ciprofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin-polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), in experimental models of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus keratitis. Both formulations of ciprofloxacin sterilized corneas infected with P aeruginosa, and both formulations showed equal bactericidal activity for S aureus. Normal eyes treated with either formulation showed mild conjunctival irritation compared to untreated normal eyes. The bactericidal activities of both formulations of ciprofloxacin were excellent. Therefore, the Ciprofloxacin-PSS formulation could serve as an effective single drug therapy for ocular infections.
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PMID:The effectiveness of two ciprofloxacin formulations for experimental Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus keratitis. 887 89

Ciprofloxacin 0.3% ophthalmic solution has been shown to be effective in the treatment of bacterial keratitis and conjunctivitis, and many physicians use ciprofloxacin as sole therapy in these conditions. In this retrospective study, we found seven of 84 isolates from corneal and conjunctival cultures that were resistant to ciprofloxacin. All of the resistant organisms were gram positive. Six of the isolates (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hominis, and four isolates of the Streptococcus viridans group) were from corneal cultures, and one (Staphylococcus aureus) was from a conjunctival culture. Yearly records of systemic isolates from 1988 to 1993 (n = 35,308) demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in susceptibility for several organisms that are common pathogens in the conjunctiva and cornea: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (95-90%, p = 0.001); Staphylococcus aureus (96-87%, p < 0.0001); Staphylococcus spp., coagulase negative (97-81%, p < 0.0001); Enterococcus spp. (92-79%, p < 0.0001); Acinetobacter anitratus (97-77%, p = 0.0006); and Enterobacter cloacae (100-96%, p = 0.03). Although the susceptibility of corneal and conjunctival isolates in this series remained relatively high (91.7%), a much larger series of systemic isolates that are common ocular pathogens revealed a statistically significant increase in resistance to ciprofloxacin over the preceding 5 years.
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PMID:Susceptibility of corneal and conjunctival pathogens to ciprofloxacin. 890 83

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common causes of keratitis. The current study was done to evaluate the therapeutic effects of antibacterial combinations with Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) and Ciprofloxacin in experimental Pseudomonas keratitis. Sixty four New Zealand rabbits were prepared. All rabbits were randomly categorized into eight groups (each group containing eight rabbits): Control +, Control -, Ciprofloxacin, Ag-NPs, Ciprofloxacin plus Betamethasone, Ag-NPs plus Betamethasone, Ciprofloxacin plus Ag-NPs, and Ciprofloxacin plus Ag-NPs plus Betamethasone. Twelve hours after bacterial inoculation into the cornea, the eyes were examined daily to evaluate the number of days of ocular discharge and blepharospasm. Also, after 108 and 204 h, first grading of corneal opacity was done and then four rabbits of each groups were euthanized for bacterial count. The results showed that the means of days of blepharospasm, ocular discharge, and bacterial counts (log CFU mL-1) were significantly different in the treatment groups at 108 and 204 h (P <0.0005, ANOVA). According to Tukey's test, Ciprofloxacin plus Ag-NPs plus Betamethasone group was significantly less than Control +, Ag-NPs, and Ag-NPs plus Betamethasone groups for these variables (P < 0.05). The mean rank of opacity scores was significantly different between treatment groups (P = 0.01, Kruskal-Wallis). Mann-Whitney U-test revealed that Ciprofloxacin plus Ag-NPs plus Betamethasone group had significantly better score than Control +, Ag-NPs, and Ag-NPs plus Betamethasone groups (P < 0.05). It seems Ag-NPs can be an appropriate adjuvant for Ciprofloxacin, but due to the results they can't be an alternative for Ciprofloxacin to treat Pseudomonas keratitis.
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PMID:Comparison Therapeutic Effects of Ciprofloxacin, Silver Nanoparticles and Their Combination in the Treatment of Pseudomonas keratitis in Rabbit: An Experimental Study. 3108 66


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