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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ciprofloxacin, a new broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, has recently become available in topical ophthalmic solution (3 mg/ml) for the treatment of bacterial keratitis. It has rapidly become the drug of choice in treating bacterial keratitis. We treated three patients with bacterial corneal ulcers that were resistant to ciprofloxacin, yet were effectively treated with other topical antimicrobial agents. The initial culture results are important in the therapy of corneal ulcers.
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PMID:Ciprofloxacin-resistant bacterial keratitis. 847 Jul 36

Ciprofloxacin is a new quinolone antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against most aerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Topical ciprofloxacin (3 mg/ml) was used to treat bacterial keratitis caused by methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus in two patients. Both corneal ulcers had been previously treated with other antibiotics without success. Topical ciprofloxacin was curative in both cases. The authors recommend the use of topical ciprofloxacin for methicillin-resistant S. aureus keratitis.
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PMID:Successful treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Keratitis with topical ciprofloxacin. 180 Sep 31

An aminoglycoside-resistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was injected intrastromally into the corneas of rabbits, and keratitis was allowed to develop over a 22-h period. Rabbits were treated with either 0.75% ciprofloxacin, 1% norfloxacin, or 1.36% tobramycin administered topically every 15 min for 1 h and then every 30 min for the following 3 h. All therapy ceased 26 h postinoculation. Rabbits were killed 1 h after the treatment, and the number of bacteria per cornea were quantified in terms of bacterial colony-forming units. Aqueous humor specimens were obtained from rabbits receiving norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin, and bioassays were performed to determine drug concentration. Ciprofloxacin caused a 5 log reduction in the number of bacterial colony-forming units, as compared with untreated controls (p less than 0.0001); it also produced a significantly greater reduction in bacterial colony-forming units than either norfloxacin or fortified tobramycin drops (p less than 0.0001). Norfloxacin produced a 2 log reduction in bacterial colony-forming units, as compared with untreated controls (p less than 0.0001). The mean aqueous concentration of norfloxacin (7.5 micrograms/ml) was substantially less than that achieved by ciprofloxacin (30.5 micrograms/ml). We conclude that ciprofloxacin may be a useful broad spectrum, topical chemotherapeutic agent in the therapy of aminoglycoside-resistant P. aeruginosa keratitis.
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PMID:The efficacy of topical ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin in the treatment of experimental Pseudomonas keratitis. 190 52

Ciprofloxacin is a potent fluoroquinolone antibiotic with in vitro activity against many significant gram-positive and gram-negative ocular pathogens. A review of the experimental studies of this antibiotic shows bactericidal activity, a broad antimicrobial spectrum, and a low incidence of resistance. The growing body of experimental data supports the effectiveness of ciprofloxacin in the treatment of experimental keratitis and suggest that it be evaluated further in ocular infections.
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PMID:Insights from experimental data on ciprofloxacin in the treatment of bacterial keratitis and ocular infections. 192 70

Ciprofloxacin is a new quinolone antibiotic that is highly active in vitro against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A rabbit model of bacterial keratitis was used to assess the in vivo efficacy of topical ciprofloxacin. Albino rabbits received intrastromal injections of 5 X 10(2) aminoglycoside-resistant P aeruginosa organisms. At five hours after inoculation, ciprofloxacin (3 mg/mL) therapy was initiated (one drop every 30 minutes for 12 hours). Corneal tissue was then excised for bacterial colony counts. No organisms were recovered from ciprofloxacin-treated eyes, compared with an average of 3.1 X 10(7) organisms per milliliter recovered from untreated controls. This model suggests that topical ciprofloxacin may be clinically useful in the treatment of aminoglycoside-resistant P aeruginosa keratitis.
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PMID:Topical ciprofloxacin treatment of Pseudomonas keratitis in rabbits. 314 Jul 72

Ciprofloxacin and prednisolone, but not an aminoglycoside and dexamethasone, were previously found to be effective in killing bacteria and reducing inflammation for the treatment of Pseudomonas keratitis. We investigated the therapeutic effectiveness of tobramycin/prednisolone and ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone in a rabbit model of experimental keratitis to increase our understanding of the effectiveness of antibiotic/steroid combinations. To our knowledge, this is the first analysis of the effectiveness of a combination of ciprofloxacin and dexamethasone for experimental keratitis. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, 36 rabbits were divided into six groups: 1) untreated; 2) prednisolone acetate, 1.0%; 3) prednisolone phosphate, 1.0%; 4) tobramycin, 1.36%; 5) tobramycin plus prednisolone acetate; 6) tobramycin plus prednisolone phosphate. In the second experiment, 23 rabbits were divided into four groups: 1) untreated; 2) ciprofloxacin, 0.3%, plus dexamethasone alcohol, 0.1%; 3) ciprofloxacin; 4) dexamethasone alcohol. Topical antibiotic and/or steroid was given for 10 h, from 16 to 26 h postinfection, one drop every 15 min for the first hour and then every 30 min for the remaining 9 h. At 27 h postinfection, eyes were evaluated by slit lamp examination (SLE) and assayed for the presence of bacteria in terms of colony forming units (CFU) per cornea. Both prednisolone acetate and prednisolone phosphate reduced ocular inflammation (as determined by SLE), compared with no treatment (P < or = 0.036); the phosphate was more effective (P = 0.005). Tobramycin alone and in combination with prednisolone also significantly reduced SLE, compared with no treatment (P < or = 0.006). The bactericidal activity of tobramycin was not affected by either steroid formulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effectiveness of specific antibiotic/steroid combinations for therapy of experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis. 779 6

This study was conducted to determine the therapeutic efficacy of 3.0 mg/ml ciprofloxacin administered concurrently with one of two salts of prednisolone for the treatment of experimental pseudomonal keratitis. Rabbit corneas were injected intrastromally with Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC strain 27853. Sixteen hr after injection, rabbits were randomly divided into four treatment groups (3 rabbits, 6 eyes per group): 1) ciprofloxacin plus prednisolone acetate; 2) ciprofloxacin plus prednisolone phosphate; 3) ciprofloxacin only; 4) untreated. Signs of inflammation were graded in a masked fashion by slit lamp examination (SLE) and by estimating polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) numbers in corneas 27 hr after injection. SLE scores and PMN numbers were significantly lower (P < 0.02) in eyes receiving either salt of prednisolone plus ciprofloxacin compared to the untreated controls. In contrast, SLE scores and PMN numbers were not significantly different in eyes treated with ciprofloxacin alone, compared to untreated controls (P > 0.13). No viable bacteria were recovered from any eye treated with ciprofloxacin (groups 1, 2, and 3). Ciprofloxacin concentrations in the aqueous humor of eyes in groups 1, 2, and 3 were greater than 15-fold higher than the MIC for P. aeruginosa 27853. These results suggest that either salt of prednisolone, when combined with ciprofloxacin, reduces ocular inflammation without affecting the antimicrobial efficacy of the antibiotic.
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PMID:Prednisolone acetate or prednisolone phosphate concurrently administered with ciprofloxacin for the therapy of experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis. 834 70

We evaluated the efficacy of ciprofloxacin (3 mg/ml) as the sole topical antibiotic used to treat infectious keratitis in 14 patients. We compared the ciprofloxacin-treated group to a retrospective control group of 30 consecutive culture-positive patients treated with conventional therapy in which cefazolin (50 mg/ml) and fortified gentamicin sulfate (9.1 mg/ml) solutions were used. We found no remarkable difference between the control group and the ciprofloxacin-treated group regarding patient age, risk factors, need for hospitalization, and virulence of organism isolated. The average time to healing in culture-positive ciprofloxacin-treated patients was 34 +/- 33 days vs 45 +/- 71 days in the control group and this difference was not statistically significant. The duration of antibiotic therapy in the culture-positive ciprofloxacin-treated group was 27 +/- 15 days vs 33 +/- 50 days in the control group. Four of the 30 control patients required modification of their antibiotic regimen, whereas no ciprofloxacin-treated patient required a change. Ciprofloxacin appears to be an effective single agent in the treatment of ulcerative keratitis.
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PMID:Comparison of topical ciprofloxacin to conventional antibiotic therapy in the treatment of ulcerative keratitis. 847 Jul 19

To compare the efficacy of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride ointment with that of ciprofloxacin drops for treatment of experimental Pseudomonas keratitis, rabbit eyes were infected by intrastromal injection of 10(3) colony-forming units (CFU) log-phase P. aeruginosa. Infected and uninfected eyes were treated with either 0.3% ciprofloxacin ointment applied hourly for 6 h or 0.3% ciprofloxacin drops applied every 15 min for 6 h. Infected eyes treated with the ointment or drop vehicle alone served as placebo controls. Ciprofloxacin ointment significantly reduced the number of viable bacteria (CFU) per cornea more than four logs compared to the placebo control (p < 0.0001). Ciprofloxacin drops significantly reduced the number of bacteria (CFU) per cornea > 7 logs as compared with placebo-treated controls (p < 0.0001). Ciprofloxacin ointment may be a useful adjunct to conventional topical drops for therapy of bacterial keratitis.
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PMID:Ciprofloxacin ointment versus ciprofloxacin drops for therapy of experimental Pseudomonas keratitis. 850 Mar 20

Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase, with good in vitro and in vivo activity against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative ocular pathogens. It has low toxicity, low resistance rate and low minimum inhibitory concentration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ciprofloxacin in treating bacterial keratitis refractory to conventional therapy. Thirty patients with smear-proven bacterial ulcers were treated by conventional therapy. Of these, cultures were positive in 28 (93.3%) patients. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated in 13 (46.4%) patients, nontuberculous mycobacteria in nine (32.1%) and other bacteria in six (21.4%). Fifteen patients (50%) were cured with conventional therapy. Four patients (13.3%) underwent surgery due to impending corneal perforation. Eleven patients were shifted to ciprofloxacin therapy because of poor results with conventional treatment. Of these, eight (72.7%) patients were treated successfully. No adverse events were encountered except a white crystalline precipitate in two cases which resolved spontaneously after discontinuation of therapy. In view of its effectiveness and low toxicity, ciprofloxacin should be considered in treating bacterial keratitis which is refractory to conventional therapy.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of ciprofloxacin ophthalmic solution in the treatment of refractory bacterial keratitis. 854 41


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