Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Topical diclofenac sodium is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is being developed for use in the control of postoperative and medical inflammation. A comparison was made of 0.1% diclofenac with 1% prednisolone sodium phosphate, 0.03% flurbiprofen, and a vehicle placebo in rabbit eyes with acute herpetic keratitis in a double-masked study. Maximum corneal epithelial involvement was observed in each group on day 6 postinoculation, and in eyes subsequently treated with prednisolone, the corneal epithelial involvement appeared to be more severe and to resolve more slowly. Conjunctivitis and corneal clouding peaked on days 6 to 7 for all treatment groups and remained most severe in the placebo-treated eyes, followed closely by those treated with prednisolone. The duration of virus shedding was the same for placebo-, flurbiprofen-, and diclofenac-treated groups (50% or more were virus negative by day 10 or 11). Only prednisolone-treated eyes had an extended period of virus shedding, and the rabbit mortality rate in this group was slightly higher. It thus appears that topical diclofenac does not exacerbate acute herpes keratitis; diclofenac-treated eyes displayed less or at least no more severe disease than did the eyes treated with the other anti-inflammatory agents tested, and shedding of virus into tears was not prolonged.
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PMID:Assessment of diclofenac on herpes keratitis in rabbit eyes. 255 66

The corneas of 50 normal subjects were examined before and after electroretinography performed with gold foil electrodes. Examination included slit-lamp biomicroscopy and staining with sodium fluorescein. All corneas were normal on examination prior to electroretinography. Three types of transient corneal changes were observed--punctate epithelial keratitis, corneal erosions, and stromal thinning. Each cornea was assigned a numerical damage score based on a simple scoring system. Thirty one subjects (62%) had some degree of corneal change, and in three cases (6%) follow-up was required. Multiple regression analysis was performed to discover any risk factors. Both age of the subject and the use of local anaesthetic were strongly associated with corneal changes.
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PMID:Transient corneal changes associated with the use of gold foil electrodes. 261 Nov 95

We evaluated the antiviral effects of rose bengal and fluorescein sodium. The direct antiviral activity was determined by an in vitro direct neutralization assay. The 50% inhibitory dose was 16 micrograms/mL for rose bengal and 460 micrograms/mL for fluorescein. The in vivo antiviral effects of these drugs were determined in the mouse herpetic keratitis model. Following topical application, rose bengal reduced surface virus titers (swabs) 1 million-fold, and residual ocular virus (eye homogenates) 32-fold, compared with controls. No infectious virus was recovered by swabbing after topical application of rose bengal. Fluorescein had no significant effect on virus replication. Thus, rose bengal, unlike fluorescein, has significant antiviral activity, and the diagnostic use of rose bengal prior to viral culture may preclude a positive result. Also, the use of rose bengal to grade keratitis in the study of new antiviral agents should be discouraged.
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PMID:The antiviral effects of rose bengal and fluorescein. 282 77

An in vitro analysis of glycoprotein produced by nine human ocular isolates of HSV-1 is reported. The source of the isolates was; three patients with recurrent dendritic keratitis, three with chronic stromal disease and three with primary keratoconjunctivitis. Virus strains were labelled with the radioactive precursors (35S) methionine and (14C) glucosamine. Radiolabelled viral glycoproteins were subsequently analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), followed by autoradiography. Viral glycoproteins were further characterised by immuno-precipitation with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to HSV. The stromal isolates excrete larger amounts of 'soluble' precursor glycoprotein D than those in the other two disease categories. It is possible that the immune response to glycoprotein D is in part responsible for the severity of stromal disease.
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PMID:Analysis of glycoproteins expressed by isolates of herpes simplex virus causing different forms of keratitis in man. 303 Jun 52

An 8-year-old boy developed erythema multiforme major after topical administration of sodium sulfacetamide for conjunctivitis. He had received systemic treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole four months previously without evidence of drug allergy. There was no history of recent exposure to other drugs or evidence of herpes simplex or Mycoplasma infection. After 12 days of treatment with erythromycin ointment, 1% prednisolone eyedrops, systemic prednisone, and intravenous nafcillin, the patient's condition improved dramatically. A slit-lamp examination showed only superficial punctate keratitis. Two months later his visual acuity had improved from 20/200 bilaterally to R.E.: 20/40 and L.E.: 20/30.
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PMID:Erythema multiforme after use of topical sulfacetamide. 315 22

Staphylococcus epidermidis accounts for nearly one third of all cases of bacterial keratitis in certain geographic areas. Recently, the sensitivity of this organism has changed dramatically so that nearly half of nosocomially acquired systemic S epidermidis infections are resistant to methicillin sodium, cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides. Methicillin-resistant and gentamicin sulfate-resistant S epidermidis causing infectious blepharoconjunctivitis and endophthalmitis has previously been reported. Two cases of methicillin- and gentamicin-resistant S epidermidis keratitis occurred that were treated successfully with topical vancomycin hydrochloride.
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PMID:Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis keratitis treated with vancomycin. 319 May 43

Between mid-May and mid-July 1987 we performed a prospective crossover study of two unit-dose preservative-free artificial tear solutions, 1.4% polyvinyl alcohol (Refresh) and 0.1% sodium hyaluronate (Hylorin) in 14 female patients with severe dry eye syndrome. The patients were examined before treatment and after each of two trials with both products. A significant reduction in the mean score for dry-eye-induced keratitis (p = 0.001) and for mucous strands (p = 0.03) was observed following the second of two trials with sodium hyaluronate. A significant reduction in the mean score for burning and irritation was observed with both solutions (p = 0.009). We believe that the elimination of preservatives from artificial tear preparations may substantially reduce the iatrogenic effects of these frequently applied medications.
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PMID:A comparative study of two preservative-free tear substitutes in the management of severe dry eye. 339 21

The use of dilute (1/10%) sodium hyaluronate (Healon) eyedrops has given definite subjective patient improvement in a variety of ocular surface disorders, especially keratitis sicca. No adverse effects of the sodium hyaluronate drops have been encountered in patients who have used the drops for as long as two years. Masked trials and objective improvement of corneal staining patterns have also confirmed its efficacy.
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PMID:Dilute sodium hyaluronate (Healon) in the treatment of ocular surface disorders. 387

Three models of corneal inflammation--acute toxic keratitis, phlyctenular keratitis and corneal graft rejection--were induced in rabbits and treated with subconjunctival injections of antineoplastic agents (methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside, 5-fluorouracil and 6-mercaptopurine) and Solu-Medrol (methylprednisolone sodium succinate). The inflammations responded to the drugs to various degrees when compared with the response in control animals treated with saline. Cytosine arabinoside effected a slight decrease in the clinical features of acute toxic keratitis, methotrexate was superior in decreasing inflammation and neovascularization in phlyctenular keratitis, and Solu-Medrol appeared to be the most useful in the treatment of graft rejection. When injected repeatedly, 5-fluorouracil tended to have significant toxicity in the presence of inflammation.
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PMID:Effects of subconjunctivally injected antineoplastic agents on three models of corneal inflammation. 390 78

We performed a controlled, randomized, double-masked, double-crossover clinical trial topically administered cromolyn sodium (4%) in 11 patientas with atopy and vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Statistically significant differences were noted in conjunctival injection, superifcial punctate keratitis, mucous production, and itching when eyes treated with cromolyn were compared to those treated with a placebo. The drug was well tolerated by all patients.
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PMID:Randomized clinical trial of topically administered cromolyn sodium for vernal keratoconjunctivitis. 677 37


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