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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A recalcitrant corneal ulcer resulted in an extensive corneal opacity requiring penetrating keratoplasty. Histopathologic studies and subsequent cultures established the diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis. A second transplant was performed due to a culture-proven recurrence of the keratitis in both the recipient and the graft, with progressive thinning. This has remained clear for six months on systemic ketoconazole and topical miconazole drops. This case demonstrates the difficulty in initial diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis and the apparent successful medical control of the infection despite transplantation into an infected recipient bed.
Ophthalmology 1984 Sep
PMID:Management of Acanthamoeba keratitis. A case report and review of the literature. 609 21

I fitted nine aphakic patients who had undergone penetrating keratoplasty with extended-wear hydrophilic contact lenses (55% to 80% water content). All patients had edematous host corneas. Eight of nine developed vascularization of the graft after two to 30 weeks of contact lens wear. One patient developed a presumed Candida keratitis. The development of vascularization of the graft suggests that patients with grafted corneas are at special risk with extended-wear hydrophilic contact lenses.
Am J Ophthalmol 1980 Sep
PMID:The effect of extended-wear aphakic hydrophilic contact lenses after penetrating keratoplasty. 615 70

Leukocyte migration inhibition factor (LMIF) assays have been used as a measure of cell-mediated immune responses. Direct assays of this factor were determined in 30 patients with recurrent herpes simplex stromal keratitis during the quiescent stage of the disease and in 10 of these patients during the acute stage as well. The migration of leukocytes incubated in the presence of HSV antigens was compared to that without viral antigens for the migration index (MI). Only 1 out of 30 patients had a positive response during the quiescent stage, while among the 10 patients with the active disease, four had a positive response.
Ann Ophthalmol 1982 Sep
PMID:Cell-mediated immunity in herpetic keratitis measured by leukocyte migration inhibition. 629 52

Herpetic keratitis remains a prominent cause of recurrent or chronic and blinding corneal disease; areas of particular difficulty are indolent ulceration, herpetic keratouveitis, keratoplasty and problems associated with steroid therapy. Topical acyclovir has been widely demonstrated to be a safe and effective antiviral for ulcerative herpetic keratitis; furthermore its particular advantages of high efficacy, minimal toxicity and good ocular penetration, suggest that it should be the treatment of choice for patients within these other areas of particular difficulty.
J Antimicrob Chemother 1983 Sep
PMID:Herpes simplex virus infections of the eye and their management with acyclovir. 635 49

Endocrine exophthalmos is a poorly understood disease process thought to be related to a dysfunction of the thyroid-pituitary axis. Initial therapy for symptomatic endocrine exophthalmos is medical. Failure to respond to medical management is heralded by progressive exophthalmos, exposure keratitis, and decreasing visual acuity. The pathophysiologic processes involved and an historical review of the various surgical procedures used are discussed. The results of 28 patients surgically decompressed by a transantral transethmoid approach are presented. Preservation or improvement in visual acuities were observed in all but one patient. Diplopia was generally not improved and may be worsened in some patients.
Laryngoscope 1984 Sep
PMID:Surgical treatment for malignant exophthalmos of endocrine origin. 647 17

We reviewed 15 cases of culture-proven corneal superinfections in 15 patients (eight men and seven women ranging in age from 41 to 86 years) with recurrent herpes simplex keratitis. The factors that appeared to increase the risk of superinfection were the presence of an epithelial defect (found in all 15 cases), a history of recurrent herpetic keratouveitis (found in ten cases), and the use of topical corticosteroids (found in 13 cases). Eight of the 15 patients were taking antibiotics at the time the superinfections were diagnosed, indicating that topical antibiotics do not provide sufficient protection. Gram-negative rods were found in six cases (Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter cloacae, and Achromobacter sp.). Gram-positive organisms, often in association with another infecting agent, were found in six cases (Staphylococcus epidermidis, three cases; S. aureus, two cases; and Streptococcus sp., two cases). Fungal superinfections were found in three cases (Cephalosporium acremonium, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus fumigatus, one case each). Mycobacterium cheloni was found in two cases.
Am J Ophthalmol 1983 Sep
PMID:Superinfections in herpes simplex keratitis. 661 14

From Dimmer's original description of 4 cases of keratitis, it would seem that what is now known as a keratitis nummularis (Dimmer), is not one specific corneal disease but a heterogeneous group of diseases. Salzmann demonstrated in certain cases a clear relationship between it and herpetic keratitis and its corneal complications. Later authors have not convincingly differentiated KND from herpetic keratitis, as no tests have been performed to determine corneal sensitivity. Pillat, who did use the criterion of normality of corneal sensitivity for the diagnosis of KND, was unable to differentiate KND adequately from the sequelae of adenovirus keratitis. Nummular keratitis (Dimmer) does not play a diagnostic part in ophthalmology, as we are not dealing with a nosological entity.
Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 1983 Sep
PMID:[Dimmer's keratitis nummularis, a doubtful disease]. 664 57

Clinical features of 152 patients with herpetic keratitis after a five-year observation period were analyzed. When compared with dendritic ulceration, geographic ulcers that had been symptomatically present for a longer time were more likely to have been treated with a topical steroid and took longer to heal. After treatment of the corneal ulceration, 40% of the patients experienced a recurrent herpetic ulcer, 25% experienced disciform or irregular stromal keratouveitis, 5% experienced ocular hypertension, and 6% had a decrease in visual acuity caused by corneal scarring. Recurrent ulcerative herpetic keratitis occurred more frequently in men and in patients who entered the study with a history or previous herpetic ulceration.
Arch Ophthalmol 1981 Sep
PMID:Prognostic indicators of herpetic keratitis. Analysis of a five-year observation period after corneal ulceration. 679 30

Vitamin A-deficient rabbits were used to evaluate the role of secondary bacterial infection in the development of keratomalacia and to describe the resultant clinical and morphologic alterations. The conjunctival sacs of vitamin A-deficient rabbits at different stages of corneal involvement were inoculated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa topically. Approximately two weeks after inoculation, corneal ulceration with stromal melting developed in one of three eyes with severe punctate keratitis and in four of seven eyes with xerosis. Ulceration did not develop in any of the eight eyes with early epithelial graying or mild punctate keratitis. Inflammatory cells (primarily polymorphonuclear leukocytes) infiltrated the anterior corneal stroma of infected corneas. Liquefaction of collagen was observed in association with bacteria alone, as well as in association with polymorphonuclear leukocytes. No signs of infection were observed after conjunctival inoculation of Pseudomonas in the eyes of nine control rabbits.
Arch Ophthalmol 1981 Sep
PMID:Increased susceptibility to infection in experimental xerophthalmia. 679 31

In an experimental model of Pseudomonas keratitis caused by a gentamicin-resistant strain of Ps aeruginosa, the results of treatment with gentamicin alone and a gentamicin-steroid combination were evaluated. Treatment with steroids did not reduce the amount of corneal inflammation when compared to eyes treated with gentamicin alone. Eyes treated with the gentamicin-steroid combination were, however, infected with a statistically significant greater number of organisms at the end of a 3-day treatment period. Corticosteroids probably should not be used in the treatment of Pseudomonas keratitis during the early period when the antibiotic sensitivities of the organism are not known.
Ann Ophthalmol 1980 Sep
PMID:The effect of combined gentamicin-corticosteroid treatment on gentamicin-resistant Pseudomonas keratitis. 682 45


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