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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of fractionated 300 kV roentgen radiation on different sections of the eye (cornea, ciliary body, retina, and choroid) was investigated in 36 rabbits. Four groups of nine animals each were exposed to 21, 30, 36, and 45 Gy in constant fractions of 5 x 3 Gy per week. After three weeks, three months, and six months three animals from each group were killed. Both eyeballs, the eyelids, and the lacrimal glands were removed, fixed, and embedded in paraffin. The 15 sections made of each specimen were stained according to PAS and HE. The application of total doses of 21, 30, and 36 Gy did not lead to any histopathologically discernible alterations. Only in one animal was an ulcerating keratitis seen to develop within three months in response to a dose of 45 Gy. In the same group, a perilimbic conjunctival inflammation developed in three animals after six months and in two after three months. All animals which had received doses of 45 Gy and were examined after six months were found to have a vacuolic swelling of the ciliary epithelium. In one animal which had received a dose of 45 Gy a myointimal proliferation of a ciliary artery was seen three months after termination of the treatment.
Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 1988 Sep
PMID:[Effects of fractionated irradiation of the rabbit eye. A histopathologic study]. 323 32

We present a case of Mycobacterium chelonei infection in a corneal graft. The chronic ulceration and stromal infiltration followed a well defined course and eventually responded to topical amikacin, though a further graft was required. Previous cases of keratitis due to the M. fortuitum complex are reviewed.
Br J Ophthalmol 1987 Sep
PMID:Mycobacterium chelonei infection of a corneal graft. 331 Nov 41

A retrospective review of patients visits to two urban emergency departments was undertaken to ascertain the impact of commercial tanning facilities (CTFs) on the incidence of corneal burns. Ocular injury and/or infection represented 1.9% of the total patient census, with corneal burns being 7.6% of the eye pathology. Prior to the opening of a number of CTFs, corneal burns had three causes in the two emergency departments reported here: ultraviolet (UV) keratitis from electric arc welders, (32.5%) chemical or physical agents (28%), and UV keratitis from home sunlamps or reflected sunlight while sunbathing or boating (10.5%). Within a single year, UV keratitis from CTFs became the second most common source of corneal burns, injuring 29% of all patients. While most corneal burns resolved with symptomatic treatment, an additional two patients received retinal burns from the CTFs. Both patients were left with permanent visual deficits. Treatment and aspects of UV ocular injury are discussed.
Am J Emerg Med 1987 Sep
PMID:Commercial tanning facilities: a new source of eye injury. 362 37

The epidemiological and clinical features of recurrent herpes simplex virus ocular infection (RHSV) were studied. Of 108 patients with primary herpes simplex virus ocular infection (PHSV) who were followed up for two to 15 years 35 (32%) suffered one or more recurrent attacks. The recurrence rate was significantly higher in patients under 20 years of age, but there was no significant difference between recurrence rates in males and females. Of 35 patients with RHSV 17 (49%) had one recurrent attack, 14 (40%) had between two and five, and four (11%) had between six and 15 attacks. The mean time interval between PHSV and the first four RHSV attacks was 10 months, and was shorter in subsequent attacks. The duration and severity of RHSV were reduced in successive recurrences. Patients with more severe conjunctivitis and lid lesions during PHSV ocular infection had a higher incidence of recurrent infection. The severity of the corneal signs in PHSV had no influence on the incidence of recurrent infection. Several clinical forms of RHSV were observed. Conjunctivitis associated with lid lesions was observed in 29 (83%) patients. In six (17%) patients the disease presented as an acute follicular conjunctivitis without characteristic lid or corneal lesions. Dendritic ulcer was found in three (9%) patients, and in one of them it was associated with a disciform keratitis. A chronic blepharoconjunctivitis developed in eight (23%) patients. The epidemiological and clinical features of RHSV were compared with those of PHSV.
Br J Ophthalmol 1987 Sep
PMID:Recurrent herpes simplex virus ocular infection: epidemiological and clinical features. 366 60

Acanthamoeba infection of the cornea is an entity now recognized with increasing frequency. We saw two cases of Acanthamoeba sclerokeratitis in contact lens wearers in whom scleritis (anterior and posterior) played a central role in the clinical course of the disease. Scleritis is probably a more common component of Acanthamoeba infection than has generally been acknowledged. Posterior scleritis has not, to our knowledge, been reported previously in this disorder. The clinical diagnosis of Acanthamoeba infection has often been missed due to lack of a definition of the historical and clinical criteria by which this disease is characterized. We reviewed the 26 previously reported cases and suggest a set of criteria that can be used to establish an early diagnosis. Historical criteria include minor corneal trauma, exposure to soil or standing water, or contact lens wear. Clinical characteristics include severe pain, infiltrative (often ring-shaped) stromal keratitis, variable anterior uveitis, epithelial erosion, scleritis, standard bacterial culture negativity, chronicity, and lack of response to antimicrobial agents.
Arch Ophthalmol 1986 Sep
PMID:Acanthamoeba sclerokeratitis. Determining diagnostic criteria. 375 82

The evolution of ocular onchocerciasis was studied in a cohort of 1170 persons over 5 years of age who were examined before the start of and after 7-8 years of effective vector control in 12 originally hyperendemic villages in the central part of the OCP area. The proportion of the cohort which at the outset of vector control was free from ocular onchocerciasis or had an early or recent infection in the form of punctate keratitis only, remained largely free of or lost their signs of ocular infection respectively and only a very insignificant proportion acquired microfilariae in the eyes or developed a severe onchocercal eye lesion at the initial stage. The proportion of the cohort with a heavy ocular microfilarial load had a reduced risk of developing severe eye lesions and no risk of going blind. The proportion of the cohort with already existing severe eye lesions at the advanced stage remained largely unchanged and some lesions at the initial stage disappeared. Blindness occurred only in those who had severe eye lesions at the outset and was comparatively less than in areas of on-going transmission.
Trop Med Parasitol 1986 Sep
PMID:The effect of 7-8 years of vector control on the evolution of ocular onchocerciasis in West African savanna. 378 22

Complete gene synthesis methods have been used to construct analogs of human interferons (IFNs): these include a consensus of the known human IFN-alpha S, designated IFN-alpha Con1 and a variant of human IFN-gamma, designated IFN-gamma 4A. These interferons, in purified form, were used topically against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) induced ocular keratitis in rabbits. Eyes pretreated with IFN-alpha Con1 had decreased signs of infection and a lower incidence of HSV-1 positive trigeminal ganglia (3 of 14 positive) compared to the placebo treated (10 of 14 positive). IFN-alpha Con1 was as effective as natural IFN-alpha subtypes on a units basis, despite the very high specific activity of this analog. IFN-gamma 4A used under similar conditions do not result in beneficial effects with treatments beginning 24 or 48 hr before or 4 hr after virus inoculation. Rabbits with confirmed latent HSV infection were treated topically with IFN-alpha Con1 (10(6) units per eye each day) either before or before and after attempts to intentionally reactivate the infection by bilateral iontophoresis of 6-hydroxydopamine plus topical epinephrine treatment of the corneas. These IFN-alpha Con1 treatment regimens along with intentional reactivation during latency did not: (1) lessen the frequency of inducible ocular shedding episodes; (2) alter the mean time of 3-5 days between attempts to reactive latent infection and the appearance of HSV in tears; or (3) significantly change the incidence of HSV-positive trigeminal ganglia (83-100% HSV positive).
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1985 Sep
PMID:Human alpha and gamma interferon analogs in rabbits with herpetic keratitis. 392 22

The induction of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence in rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) by a stromal keratitis causing strain (RE) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) was examined. Virus alone and virus infected rabbit corneal cells were unable to stimulate chemiluminescence. However, when the virus or virus infected cells were incubated in the presence of HSV-1 specific immune serum or purified IgG, a gradual chemiluminescent response was observed. Virus and virus infected cells incubated with normal rabbit serum or IgG produced little or no activity. No impairment of chemiluminescent response was observed in experiments in which rabbit PMN were exposed to HSV prior to the addition of opsonized zymosan or HSV-antibody complexes. Results suggest PMN exert antiviral activity in the presence of specific antibody and may be important factors in the inflammatory process resulting from ocular HSV infection.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1985 Sep
PMID:Dependence on antibody for induction of chemiluminescence in polymorphonuclear leukocytes by herpes simplex virus. 403 Feb 51

We treated two unrelated boys with ichthyosis follicularis, a rare skin disorder characterized by extensive noninflammatory spiny follicular hyperkeratoses, severe photophobia, and generalized noncicatricial alopecia. This disorder must be differentiated from keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans; ulerythema ophryogenes; keratosis pilaris rubra atrophicans faciei; atrichia with papular lesions; atrophodermia vermiculata; and keratitis, ichthyosis, and deafness syndrome, all of which share some clinical features. Ichthyosis follicularis with alopecia and photophobia appears to be a familial disorder, but too few cases have been reported to establish the exact mode of inheritance.
Arch Dermatol 1985 Sep
PMID:Ichthyosis follicularis with alopecia and photophobia. 403 43

Several newly synthesized compounds, all structurally related to the highly potent and selective antiherpes agent bromovinyldeoxyuridine ( [E]-5-[2-bromovinyl]-2'-deoxyuridine), have been evaluated for their healing effect on herpes simplex virus type 1 keratitis in rabbits. These novel compounds included chloroethyldeoxyuridine (5-[2-chloroethyl]-2'-deoxyuridine), trifluoropropenyldeoxyuridine ( [E]-5-[3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl]-2'-deoxyuridine), bromovinylaminodideoxyuridine ( [E]-5-[2-bromovinyl]-3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxyuridine), bromovinylarabinofuranosyluracil ( [E]-5-[2-bromovinyl]-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil), and glycylbromovinyldeoxyuridine (5'-O-aminoacetyl-[E]-5-[2-bromovinyl]-2'-deoxyuridine). Bromovinylaminodideoxyuridine and trifluoropropenyldeoxyuridine did not promote a significant healing of herpes simplex keratitis. Bromovinylarabinofuranosyluracil markedly reduced the severity of keratitis, but to a significantly lesser extent than bromovinyldeoxyuridine. Finally, chloroethyldeoxyuridine and glycylbromovinyldeoxyuridine caused a pronounced healing effect on herpes simplex keratitis, comparable to that obtained with bromovinyldeoxyuridine. Chloroethyldeoxyuridine was even slightly better than bromovinyldeoxyuridine, but the difference in their healing effect was not statistically significant.
Arch Ophthalmol 1985 Sep
PMID:Evaluation of bromovinyldeoxyuridine-related compounds in the treatment of experimental herpes simplex keratitis. 403 33


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