Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An improved method for experimental keratitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa is described. Essential features of the method are use of inbred guinea pigs, intracorneal injection of bacteria, subconjunctival injection of antibiotics, "blind" evaluation of results, and statistical analysis of data. Untreated ocular infections were most severe 5 to 7 days after infection. Sterilized bacterial suspensions caused no abnormalities on day 5. Tobramycin and polymyxin B were more active than gentamicin against two strains of Pseudomonas. This model is suitable for many types of quantitative studies on experimental keratitis.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1975 Sep
PMID:Experimental keratitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa: model for evaluation of antimicrobial drugs. 81 84

Twenty-two cases with carcinomas of the nasal cavity, sinuses, buccal and orbital regions treated in the Radiotherapy Clinic of University Central Hospital in Turku, are presented. The dose delivered to the eye was 1400 to 6300 rd. The most usual radiation complication was keratitis which appeared in 15 cases, cataract was diagnosed in seven cases, corneal ulcer in three, iritis in two, retinopathia in two, and glaucoma in three cases. Most of the complications could be relieved or cured with appropriate therapy. In only one case the eye was to be enucleated because of severe glaucoma and corneal ulceration. As the prognosis of malignant tumours in this area usually is bad, irradiation to the eye on the affected side is to be taken as a calculated risk to achieve a more effective cancer control.
Strahlentherapie 1976 Sep
PMID:Effects of megavoltage therapy of cancer on the eye. 82 70

39 patients (Group A) with ocular onchocerciasis in the Sudan-savanna of north Cameroon were given 4-6 g of suramin and followed in detail over 1-2 years. 39 other patients (Group B) received suramin followed 2 weeks later by a 6-7 day course of diethylcarbamazine (DEC). A further 18 patients (Group C) received placebo injections and were followed in the same way by the same observers. Suramin caused serious general reactions among the 100 patients who started the course - 1 case of stomatitis, 1 exfoliative dermatitis, and several cases of severe prostration, among which 2 ended fatally. These reactions underline the urgency for further studies on the toxicity of suramin, which is without doubt an efficient macro- and micro-filaricidal drug. Changes which occurred in the ocular lesions are described in detail. There was an initial aggravation of punctate and sclerosing keratitis, and sometimes a serious aggravation or development of anterior uveitis, corresponding to the peak microfilaricidal effect of the drug. The possibility of a simultaneous adverse effect on the optic disc is discussed. Despite these reactions, which might have been avoided by prior elimination of microfilariae by DEC, the eyes were in general quieter at 3 months and thereafter than before treatment. However, no posterior segment lesion improved after suramin, and the majority remained unchanged. The findings at the end of the trial were as follows: No. of lesions (see article).
Tropenmed Parasitol 1976 Sep
PMID:Effects of suramin on ocular onchocerciasis. 98 47

This critical review is based upon controlled experimental and clinical data. Dendritic keratitis initially should be treated by debridement of the diseased epithelium followed by antiviral medication. The advantages and disadvantages of different debridement techniques and different synthetic antivirals are discussed. Rational treatment of other forms of herpetic eye disease with antivirals, steroids, therapeutic soft lenses, collagenase inhibitors etc. necessitates first of all an exact diagnosis (disciform edema, interstitial herpetic keratitis, herpetic (kerato-)uveitis, metaherpetic erosion, metaherpetic ulcer). Therapeutic or prophylactic measures which as yet have found no valid experimental or clinical basis are discussed as well as further developments. Special interest is laid upon the application of human interferon.
Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 1976 Sep
PMID:[Herpes therapy and prophylaxis. I. A critical review (author's transl)]. 100 22

A Double-blind clinical study comparing idoxuridine (IDU) with adenine arabinoside (ara-A) in treating 54 routine herpetic ulcers, and an open ara-A therapy study of 58 herpetic ulcers in patients intolerant of or resistant to IDU, was carried out over a four-year period. There was no significant difference in healing time between IDU-treated eyes (11.5 days) and ara-A-treated eyes (12.4 days) in the double-blind study but there were four moderate to marked adverse reactions to IDU and only two mild reactions to ara-A. In the open-drug study 21 patients who were intolerant of IDU because of allergy or toxicity and 37 patients who had ulcers resistant to or deteriorating on IDU therapy used ara-A up to 192 days without any adverse reaction. Mean healing time was 10.6 days for 49 of 57 patients in the efficacy analysis. Eight patients developed trophic ulcers that responded to soft lens therapy and one was dropped from the study because his initial disease could not be distinguished from severe IDU-induced keratitis.
Am J Ophthalmol 1975 Sep
PMID:Clinical evaluation of adenine arabinoside and idoxuridine in the treatment of ocular herpes simplex. 109 15

The incidence of acanthamoebic keratitis before 1974 is not known. A retrospective study was conducted to understand better the early epidemiology of this infection. Host corneal tissue from therapeutic penetrating keratoplasties submitted to the Stanford Eye Pathology Laboratory from 1955 to 1970 were stained with Calcofluor white and observed by fluorescence microscopy. We reviewed 197 cases, and no misdiagnosed cases of acanthamoebic infection were found.
Ann Ophthalmol 1992 Sep
PMID:Reevaluation of host corneal tissue 1955 to 1970: Calcofluor white staining for occult acanthamoebic infection. 128 70

Four hundred and forty ocular and orbital tumours seen in Ibadan over 11-year-period (1980-1990) are reviewed. Three quarters of the 252 patients who had enucleation had malignant neoplasms, of which 55% were retinoblastomas. The mean age of patients with retinoblastomas (3.2 years) was less than that of patients with carcinoma and malignant melanomas (47 years). Malignant melanomas were rare neoplasms in Ibadan. The commonest orbital lymphoma was Burkitt's lymphoma. Only 24% of the enucleated eyes had inflammatory conditions, of which 38% gave a positive history of trauma. Inflammatory lesions were the commonest benign ocular diseases accounting for 33% of these latter cases. Postmeasles keratitis was a significant associated finding in these patients.
East Afr Med J 1992 Sep
PMID:Tumours of the eye and orbit in Ibadan. 128 30

Although varicella is one of the most common infectious diseases in the United States, systemic and ocular complications are rare. We report a patient who developed disciform edema followed by microdendritic keratitis 1 and 2 months, respectively, after resolution of the acute phase of varicella. Cultures were negative, but serologic analysis found positive antibodies against varicella zoster virus and negative antibodies against herpes simplex virus. Based on this case and on a review of the literature, we believe that this delayed onset of keratitis represents a distinct category of varicella corneal complications.
Cornea 1992 Sep
PMID:Delayed onset of varicella keratitis. 133 Apr 39

We encountered a patient with Acanthamoeba keratitis whose contact lens care solution contained numerous trophozoites and cysts admixed with Xanthomonas maltophilia organisms, many of which were adherent to the trophozoite surface and internalized within endocytic vacuoles. Because of this finding, we investigated the role of bacterial cocontaminants in contact lens care systems as substrates for the growth of Acanthamoeba spp. Individual cocultivation of Acanthamoeba castellanii and A. polyphaga with X. maltophilia, Flavobacterium breve, and Pseudomonas paucimobilis showed better enhancement (1.5x) of ameba growth after 96 h than that obtained in the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, and Escherichia coli, the standard cocultivation species used for isolation of amebae from clinical specimens. Our data suggest that contamination of contact lens care systems with Acanthamoeba spp. and a bacterial species capable of supporting amebic growth may be the first step in the pathogenesis of ameba-induced keratitis by the provision of large inocula of amebae.
J Clin Microbiol 1992 Sep
PMID:Acanthamoeba keratitis: synergy between amebic and bacterial cocontaminants in contact lens care systems as a prelude to infection. 140 Oct 13

Treatment of bacterial keratitis requires frequent application of topical antibiotics. We studied the efficacy of a single topical administration of tobramycin incorporated in large multivesicular liposomes and enmeshed in a fibrin sealant on rabbit corneas infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. One cornea each of 25 New Zealand albino rabbits was infected with P. aeruginosa. Twenty-four hours later, the animals were randomly divided into five groups of five. Group A received single hourly drops (50 microliters) of fortified tobramycin (14.5 mg/ml, total of 17.4 mg). Group B received a single topical application of 3.5 mg tobramycin, in 0.1 ml multivesicular liposomes, enmeshed in a fibrin sealant with an overlaying bandage contact lens. Group C was treated in the same manner as group B without the addition of fibrin sealant. Groups D and E served as nondrug-treated controls, with group D receiving topical fibrin-enmeshed liposomes devoid of tobramycin and group E receiving hourly topical balanced salt solution (BSS) drops. All animals were killed 24 h after initiation of therapy. Significantly fewer colonies of Pseudomonas were present in corneas of all three treated groups, as compared with the two nondrug-treated control groups (p less than 0.02). There were significantly fewer colonies of Pseudomonas in groups A and B as compared with group C (p less than 0.02). No significant difference was noted between a single administration of topical fibrinen-meshed tobramycin-encapsulated liposomes (group B) and 24 doses of hourly fortified topical tobramycin (group A, p greater than 0.05). Tobramycin-encapsulated megaliposomes may serve as a useful adjunct in treatment of Pseudomonas keratitis.
Cornea 1992 Sep
PMID:Fibrin-enmeshed tobramycin liposomes: single application topical therapy of Pseudomonas keratitis. 142 66


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>