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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cathodal (-) iontophoresis of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-adenine 5'-monophosphate (vidarabine monophosphate; Ara-AMP) was performed once daily for 3 days for the treatment of experimental herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) keratitis in rabbit eyes, and the therapeutic efficacy was compared with that of topical treatment of Ara-AMP and idoxuridine (IDU) administered five times daily for 4 days. With the treatment initiated 24 hr after viral inoculation, Ara-AMP cathodal iontophoresis resulted in significant suppression of epithelial and anterior segment disease processes. Topical IDU (0.5%) or Ara-AMP (10%) also significantly improved the disease process when compared to the placebo-treated group; however, iontophoresis of Ara-AMP resulted in a more marked improvement. Slit-lamp examination indicated that iontophoresis did not cause any observable pathologic changes in corneal epithelium, stroma, conjunctiva, or iris of rabbit eyes. This experiment suggests that iontophoresis of Ara-AMP is a safe and effective approach for preventing the development of herpes simplex keratitis in rabbits.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1979 Sep
PMID:Effect of iontophoretic and topical application of antiviral agents in treatment of experimental HSV-1 keratitis in rabbits. 9 30

Two long-term therapy trials with high concentrations of antibiotic were carried out to determine the duration of therapy required to achieve bacteriologic cure of experimental Pseudomonas keratitis in guinea pigs. In the first study, corneas still contained Pseudomonas after 4 days of continual topical therapy with either tobramycin 400 mg/ml, amikacin 250 mg/ml, ticarcillin 400 mg/ml, or carbenicillin 400 mg/ml. In an 11-day trial of topical therapy with tobramycin 20 mg/ml, 34 of 36 corneas grew no Pseudomonas after 6 or more days of therapy. The bacteriologic response to therapy in this model occurred in two phases. About 99.9% or more of the organisms in the cornea were killed in the first 24 hr of therapy. The numbers of bacteria remaining in the cornea declined gradually over the next several days until the corneas were sterile. Optimal antibiotic therapy may include two stages: initial intensive therapy with high concentrations of antibiotic applied frequently to achieve a large rapid decrease in numbers of organisms in the cornea, followed by prolonged, less intensive therapy to eradicate organisms and prevent relapse.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1978 Sep
PMID:Bacteriologic cure of experimental Pseudomonas keratitis. 10 Apr 71

Sheep antihuman IgG-antiferritin hybrid antibodies were used for the ultrastructural localization of herpes simplex virus (HSV) antigens in rabbit corneas from animals with herpetic keratitis. In animals with epithelial keratitis in which active viral replication is occurring (6 days after infection), viral antigen was found within nuclei, on nuclear membranes, and on cell surface membranes of epithelial cells. In animals with early necrotizing keratitis in which active viral replication cannot be demonstrated (14 to 21 days after infection), viral antigen was found in association with the cell surface of stromal keratocytes. Since lymphocytic cells in intimate contact with degenerating keratocytes have previously been identified in the cornea, these observations provide a basis for the view that cell-mediated immunopathogenesis is involved in the etiology of herpetic stromal keratitis.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1977 Sep
PMID:Immunoelectron microscopic localization of herpes simplex virus antigens in rabbit cornea with antihuman IgG-antiferritin hybrid antibodies. 19 43

Antibiotic therapy of experimental Pseudomonas keratitis was evaluated quantitatively by determining numbers of viable bacteria in the cornea of guinea pigs. Topically applied carbenicillin disodium, gentamicin sulfate, and tobramycin sulfate were often significantly more effective than topically applied polymyxin B sulfate. Intramuscular therapy with tobramycin was as effective as topical therapy, and the results exhibited less variability. Topical tobramycin every 30 minutes was significantly more effective than topical therapy every 60 minutes. No combination of antibiotics was significantly better than a single effective drug. The concentration of tobramycin in the aqueous correlated more closely to therapeutic efficacy than did the concentration in the cornea. Although all antibiotics reduced numbers of bacteria in the cornea by more than 99% in the first 24 hours of therapy, none was able to sterilize the cornea in four additional days of continuous therapy. Persistence of organisms despite apparently adequate topical therapy may explain some reported cases of relapse in humans.
Arch Ophthalmol 1977 Sep
PMID:Antibiotic therapy of experimental Pseudomonas keratitis in guinea pigs. 19 8

Nineteen cases of keratoconjunctivitis caused by an adenovirus serologically related to types 10 and 19 are described. Seventeen of the patients presented over a period of 7 weeks and included 4 who were involved in a minor outbreak at a factory. The presentation and clinical features closely resembled those caused by adenoviruses types 8 and 19. Mild to severe follicular conjunctivitis, superficial punctate keratitis, discrete subepithelial opacities, membrane formation, and conjunctival scarring were all observed.
Br J Ophthalmol 1979 Sep
PMID:An outbreak of adenovirus keratoconjunctivitis in bristol. 22 15

A double controlled clinical study comparing idoxuridine (IDU) and vidarabine (ara-A) in the treatment of uncomplicated herpes simplex keratitis was carried out with 10 patients. No statistically significant differences occurred in the healing time between IDU (6.8 days) and ara-A (8.0 days). Two moderately adverse reactions to IDU were observed, but no demonstrable ocular toxicity was noted with ara-A.
Ann Ophthalmol 1978 Sep
PMID:Treatment of herpes simplex keratitis with idoxuridine and vidarabine: a double-blind study. 36 39

Three cases of perforated Pseudomonas corneal ulcers with scleral extension were treated with keratoplasty and cryotherapy to the remaining cornea and sclera. All three cases showed dramatic improvement. Cryotherapy of Pseudomonas keratitis in guinea pigs has been shown to be effective. Pseudomonas organisms seem to be susceptible to cryotherapy in vivo; there is no effect in vitro. Cryotherapy may prove to be a new tool in the treatment of Pseudomonas keratitis.
Arch Ophthalmol 1979 Sep
PMID:Cryotherapy of Pseudomonas keratitis and scleritis. 38 51

We initiated a pathologic investigation of ocular disease in wallabies. Of 21 animals examined, the eyes were investigated histologically in 11; in four of these animals the brains were also available for section and the sera were investigated in three. In ten animals only sera were received. Histologic studies showed bilateral or unilateral cataract in five animals. Eight animals, with or without cataracts, showed various degrees of keratitis, uveitis, choroidoretinitis, or endophthalmitis. In three animals Toxoplasma cysts were found within the retina or brain, or both. Of the 13 cases examined serologically 11 were positive for toxoplasmosis; three reached high titers.
Am J Ophthalmol 1979 Sep
PMID:Ocular toxoplasmosis in wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus). 38

Idoxuridine which was first used in 1960 (Kaufman et al., 1962), has been for many years the only antiviral agent available in the treatment of herpetic keratitis. It is however no more successful than is mechanical removal of diseased epithelium (Patterson & Jones, 1967), and furthermore it may give rise to serious toxic side effects. The search for an alternative medication is therefore a pressing one. Trifluorothymidine (F3T) has, in recent years, been shown to be more effective than IDU and to be free from significant toxicity. Both of these drugs are pyrimidine nucleosides. Adenine Arabinoside or Arabinoside-A (Ara-A) is, by contrast, a purine nucleoside. It is thought to exert its antiviral effect by blocking DNA polymerase and ribonucleotide reductase.
Doc Ophthalmol 1977 Sep 30
PMID:Treatment of herpetic keratitis. 41 44

A clinical and mycological study of 21 cases of mycotic keratitis, a clinical entity not yet reported from Nigeria or West Africa, showed that Fusarium solani was the predominant aetiological agent. It was isolated from 12 cases. Four of the remaining nine cases were caused by Aspergillus fumigatus, one by A. flavus, two by Penicillium citrinum, and one each by P. expansum and Penicillium sp. All the 12 isolates of F. solani grew well at 37 degrees C and survived at 40 degrees C. Two cases, one due to F. solani and the other to A. fumigatus, were accompanied by panophthalmitis.
Br J Ophthalmol 1976 Sep
PMID:Mycotic keratitis in Nigeria. A study of 21 cases. 79 55


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