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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A rabbit model of Staphylococcus aureus keratitis was developed to study the chemotherapeutic efficacy of ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, and cefazolin. Intrastromal injection of 100 colony forming units of log phase S. aureus ATCC strain 25923 resulted in rapid growth in the cornea, peaking at 10(7) cfu/cornea by 12 hr post-infection. Slit-lamp examination revealed that infected eyes reached 30% of maximum inflammation by 10 hr and 60% by 22 hr post-infection. Antibiotic therapy (one drop every 15 min for 5 hr) was initiated at 4 hr post-infection (experiment 1) or 10 hr post-infection (experiment 2). Another group was initiated at 10 hr post-infection and treated for 10 hr (experiment 3). In experiment 1, treatment from 4-9 hr post-infection with 0.3% ciprofloxacin drops decreased the cfu per cornea 6.1 logs, compared to placebo-treated controls (P = 0.0001), and rendered 50% of inoculated eyes sterile. Vancomycin (5.0%) and cefazolin (5.0%) each lowered the cfu per cornea 4.6 logs (P = 0.0187) but did not sterilize any eyes. In experiment 2, therapy from 10-15 hr post-infection with 0.3% ciprofloxacin reduced the cfu per cornea 0.9 logs (P = 0.0001). Vancomycin (5.0%) and cefazolin (5.0%) decreased the cfu per cornea 0.2 logs (P = 0.3973) and 0.3 logs (P = 0.1307), respectively. In experiment 3, therapy from 10-20 hr post-infection with 0.3% ciprofloxacin reduced the cfu per cornea 3.9 logs (P < 0.0001). In this keratitis model, ciprofloxacin was more effective than vancomycin or cefazolin in killing S. aureus.
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PMID:Topical antibiotic therapy for the treatment of experimental Staphylococcus aureus keratitis. 139 5

Bacterial endophthalmitis is generally considered to be the most severe and vision-threatening form of ocular infection. It may follow ocular surgery, trauma or microbial keratitis, -exogenous endophthalmitis-, or derived from a blood borne organism-endogenous endophthalmitis. The most common organisms causing exogenous endophthalmitis were gram positive bacteria, including Coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus aureus. Streptococcus pneumoniae and other streptococcal species. On the other hand, endogenous cases were mainly due to gram negative bacteria, including Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Antimicrobial agents should be chosen based on the usual sensitivity of known or suspected pathogens. Aminoglycosides are almost universally used, combined with cephems and fluoroquinolone topically, subconjunctivally, parenterally and intravitreally. Vancomycin is applied in MRSA infection. In severe cases, vitrectomy with intravitreal antibiotics, corticosteroid are performed most effectively.
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PMID:[Bacterial endophthalmitis]. 812 9