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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Treatment of bacterial keratitis requires frequent application of topical antibiotics. We studied the efficacy of a single topical administration of tobramycin incorporated in large multivesicular liposomes and enmeshed in a fibrin sealant on rabbit corneas infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. One cornea each of 25 New Zealand albino rabbits was infected with P. aeruginosa. Twenty-four hours later, the animals were randomly divided into five groups of five. Group A received single hourly drops (50 microliters) of fortified tobramycin (14.5 mg/ml, total of 17.4 mg). Group B received a single topical application of 3.5 mg tobramycin, in 0.1 ml multivesicular liposomes, enmeshed in a fibrin sealant with an overlaying bandage contact lens. Group C was treated in the same manner as group B without the addition of fibrin sealant. Groups D and E served as nondrug-treated controls, with group D receiving topical fibrin-enmeshed liposomes devoid of tobramycin and group E receiving hourly topical balanced salt solution (BSS) drops. All animals were killed 24 h after initiation of therapy. Significantly fewer colonies of Pseudomonas were present in corneas of all three treated groups, as compared with the two nondrug-treated control groups (p less than 0.02). There were significantly fewer colonies of Pseudomonas in groups A and B as compared with group C (p less than 0.02). No significant difference was noted between a single administration of topical fibrinen-meshed tobramycin-encapsulated liposomes (group B) and 24 doses of hourly fortified topical tobramycin (group A, p greater than 0.05). Tobramycin-encapsulated megaliposomes may serve as a useful adjunct in treatment of Pseudomonas keratitis.
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PMID:Fibrin-enmeshed tobramycin liposomes: single application topical therapy of Pseudomonas keratitis. 142 66

We compared the efficacy of a fortified tobramycin-soaked collagen shield to the efficacy of a single loading dose (four 50-microliters drops) of fortified tobramycin eyedrops in the treatment of New Zealand White rabbits with Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced keratitis. Eyedrop loading-dose efficacy was evaluated with and without lateral tarsorrhaphy. Six hours after a single treatment, significantly fewer Pseudomonas colonies were present in the corneas of all three drug-treated groups as compared to the number of colonies in the corneas of balanced salt solution-treated control rabbits (P less than .006). Although no significant difference was observed between any of the drug-treated groups, lateral tarsorrhaphy was associated with a greater than tenfold decrease in the number of colony-forming units (P = .073). We found no significant difference in efficacy between a collagen shield presoaked in tobramycin, and a single loading dose of tobramycin eyedrops, in the treatment of rabbits with P. aeruginosa-induced keratitis.
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PMID:Efficacy of tobramycin-soaked collagen shields vs tobramycin eyedrop loading dose for sustained treatment of experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced keratitis in rabbits. 155 16

The authors compared 24 doses of hourly topical fortified tobramycin (Group A) therapy with a single subconjunctival administration of multivesicular megaliposome-encapsulated tobramycin (Group B) and free subconjunctival tobramycin (Group C) in treating a rabbit model of keratitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. One cornea each of 50 rabbits was infected with P. aeruginosa for 24 hr. The animals then were divided randomly into five groups of ten each. Groups A, B, and C were treated as described. Group D received liposomes without tobramycin and Group E, hourly balanced salt solution. Significantly fewer Pseudomonas colonies were present in the corneas of all three drug-treated groups (A, B, and C) compared with the two control groups (D and E) at 24 hr (P less than 0.005). Significantly fewer Pseudomonas colonies were present in Groups A and B compared with Group C (P less than 0.02). No significant difference was noted between Groups A and B (P = 0.30). Tobramycin encapsulated in megaliposomes may be useful in treatment of pseudomonal keratitis.
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PMID:Tobramycin liposomes. Single subconjunctival therapy of pseudomonal keratitis. 174 53

The authors conducted a prospective study of 38 consecutive corneal transplant patients over a five-and-one-half month period in order to evaluate the effect of intraoperative hydration with topical Healon versus balanced salt solution on postoperative epithelial healing in the corneal graft. Eight independent variables, including patient age, sex, operating room time, donor age, donor time in McCarey-Kaufman media, intraoperative hydration with balanced salt solution versus Healon, and the amount of postoperative punctate epithelial keratitis measured on postoperative day 1, day 2, and at one week were compared using a multiple linear regression method. While the correlation between donor age (p = .060) and patient age (p = .088) with the amount of punctate epithelial keratitis at one week post graft approached statistical significance, only the Healon-treated group showed a high correlation to more complete graft healing one week postoperatively (p = 0.002). Topical Healon during keratoplasty may foster epithelial healing, but it also may present technical challenges of which the surgeon should be aware.
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PMID:Corneal epithelial healing after penetrating keratoplasty using topical Healon versus balanced salt solution. 330 45

Since the cornea is an avascular tissue, the wound healing process is lengthy, with a need for sutures to stabilize the wound for a long time. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has been shown to accelerate wound healing in rat dermal models. Accelerated healing, if unaccompanied by side effects may reduce suture related complications such as astigmatism and infectious keratitis. This study evaluated the effect of PDGF on wound strength in corneal laceration and penetrating keratoplasty models using New Zealand white albino rabbits. Twenty-two rabbits were used in the corneal laceration model and sixteen rabbits in the penetrating keratoplasty model. The treated rabbits received 385 picomoles/drop of PDGF-BB dissolved in balanced salt solution six times on day 1 and three times a day for the remainder of the study. The control rabbits received balanced salt solution in the same dosing schedule. The pressure required to rupture the wound was measured using a pressure transducer. In the laceration model the PDGF treated group had mean (+/- standard deviation) average pressures on day 7 of 360 +/- 102 mm Hg for wound rupture compared to 210 +/- 102 mm Hg in the control group. (p = 0.005). The average pressures in the penetrating keratoplasty model on day 17 were 707 +/- 201 mm Hg for the controls and 1042 +/- 292 mm Hg for the PDGF treated group (p = 0.026). Histopathological evaluation of eyes not subjected to bursting showed increased fibroblasts at the wound junction with an increase in types III and type IV collagen production.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of topically administered platelet-derived growth factor on corneal wound strength. 772 Mar 91

A 33-year-old woman had progressive blurred vision 2 weeks after uneventful laser in situ keratomileusis surgery. Initial satisfactory uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was complicated by postoperative dry eye and drug toxicity. Slitlamp biomicroscopy revealed diffuse punctate epithelial keratitis and inferior corneal epithelial defect with rolled-up epithelium on the flaps and the inferior unoperated cornea in both eyes. Diffuse inflammatory cell infiltrates were evident in the stroma. Stromal thinning was evident on serial Orbscan (Bausch & Lomb) and pachymetry examinations, and a hyperopic shift of almost +6 diopters was observed in the refractive error in both eyes. These examinations showed a gradual recovery of stromal thickness after copious hydration with balanced salt solution. The UCVA was 1.0 in both eyes after corneal rehydration.
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PMID:Toxic keratopathy-related corneal dehydration after laser in situ keratomileusis. 1612 7