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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vital staining with an aqueous solution of 1% Congo red has been studied in the slit lamp. In 98 cases the dye was mixed with 1% lissamine green, in 120 eyes subsequent staining was performed with 0.125% fluorescein, and in 80 cases the mucous thread from the inferior conjunctival fornix was microscoped. Congo red stains dead cells, degenerate cells, and mucus. The dye discloses keratitis, corneal erosion, contact lens damages, corrosions, etc. It stains like lissamine green and rose bengal, though less frequently and less intensely than these. Congo red is a pH indicator. Acid reaction beyond its pH-range (3.0-5.2) has not been demonstrated. Amyloid-specific colour reaction (red-green dichromatic polarisation) has been noticed in mucous fibrils, most often in relation to infectious conjunctivitis and corrosion, never in normal eyes. The phenomenon is believed to indicate degeneration of the mucous fibrils (on the analogy of toluidine-blue-stained mucus), whereas not presence of genuine amyloid. It is, in other words, an important phenomenon in the differential diagnosis. Congo red is hardly indicated in ordinary clinical practice for vital staining of cornea and conjunctiva. Fluorescein, combined with rose bengal or lissamin green should be preferred.
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PMID:Congo red vital staining of cornea and conjunctiva. 6 86

We investigated the feasibility of using fluorescein-conjugated lectins for visualizing and differentiating two species of atypical mycobacteria. Pure cultures of Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium chelonei were established, as was an experimental model of infectious keratitis involving these two organisms. Samples from the pure cultures and corneal scrapings were placed on glass slides, fixed, and incubated with one of a panel of 22 fluorescein-conjugated lectins. The slides were examined using an epifluorescence microscope. Fluorescein-conjugated concanavalin A brightly stained both species of atypical mycobacteria, in both the pure culture and experimental keratitis samples. Several additional fluorescein-conjugated lectins (wheat germ agglutinin, succinylated wheat germ agglutinin, Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin, and Psophocarpus tetragonolobus agglutinin) brightly stained M chelonei, but only moderately stained M fortuitum. These staining patterns are consistent with the known carbohydrate compositions of the cell walls of atypical mycobacteria and suggest that fluorescein-conjugated lectins may be useful for the visualization of these organisms in corneal infections.
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PMID:The use of fluorescein-conjugated lectins for visualizing atypical mycobacteria. 275 50

We evaluated the antiviral effects of rose bengal and fluorescein sodium. The direct antiviral activity was determined by an in vitro direct neutralization assay. The 50% inhibitory dose was 16 micrograms/mL for rose bengal and 460 micrograms/mL for fluorescein. The in vivo antiviral effects of these drugs were determined in the mouse herpetic keratitis model. Following topical application, rose bengal reduced surface virus titers (swabs) 1 million-fold, and residual ocular virus (eye homogenates) 32-fold, compared with controls. No infectious virus was recovered by swabbing after topical application of rose bengal. Fluorescein had no significant effect on virus replication. Thus, rose bengal, unlike fluorescein, has significant antiviral activity, and the diagnostic use of rose bengal prior to viral culture may preclude a positive result. Also, the use of rose bengal to grade keratitis in the study of new antiviral agents should be discouraged.
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PMID:The antiviral effects of rose bengal and fluorescein. 282 77

Chronic corneal epithelial defects (CCEDs; indolent corneal ulcerations) are the most common refractory ulcerations in veterinary medicine and are diagnosed by their classic appearance. CCEDs are superficial ulcerations without stromal involvement and have a nonadherent epithelial border (lip). Fluorescein stain adheres to the exposed stroma and extends below the epithelial border, outlining the epithelial lip. CCEDs occur secondary to adnexal disease, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, exposure keratitis, neurotrophic keratitis, and primary corneal disease. In cats, herpes keratitis is associated with the development of CCEDs. Bacterial infections are not responsible for the refractory nature of CCEDs. Because of the refractory nature of CCEDs, treatment can be frustrating for both owner and veterinarian. Current treatment recommendations consist of identifying and treating the underlying cause and performing procedures that stimulate epithelialization and adhesion of the corneal epithelium. Initial treatment of CCEDs includes ulcer debridement and grid keratotomy. Superficial keratectomy is indicated in refractory cases.
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PMID:Diagnosis and management of chronic corneal epithelial defects (indolent corneal ulcerations). 1460 91