Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A model of bacterial keratitis in rats was developed to quantify the effect of antibiotics and corticosteroid on the infective process. Corneas were inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Streptococcus pneumoniae. The natural history of infection with these organisms was determined. Groups of animals received topical antibiotics and prednisolone acetate. The effect of treatment on the number of leukocytes and viable bacteria in the corneas was determined. Prednisolone did not influence the effect of the antibiotics; however, steroid treatment alone increased the pseudomonad count as much as 20-fold above the count in untreated eyes. In general, both the antibiotic and steroid treatments were more successful when begun eight hours after infection than when begun at 24 hours. a 1% gentamicin sulfate preparation proved effective against each of the infections, including a pneumococcal strain considered resistant on the basis of in vitro tests.
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PMID:A rat model of bacterial keratitis. Effect of antibiotics and corticosteroid. 384 63

Three models of corneal inflammation--acute toxic keratitis, phlyctenular keratitis and corneal graft rejection--were induced in rabbits and treated with subconjunctival injections of antineoplastic agents (methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside, 5-fluorouracil and 6-mercaptopurine) and Solu-Medrol (methylprednisolone sodium succinate). The inflammations responded to the drugs to various degrees when compared with the response in control animals treated with saline. Cytosine arabinoside effected a slight decrease in the clinical features of acute toxic keratitis, methotrexate was superior in decreasing inflammation and neovascularization in phlyctenular keratitis, and Solu-Medrol appeared to be the most useful in the treatment of graft rejection. When injected repeatedly, 5-fluorouracil tended to have significant toxicity in the presence of inflammation.
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PMID:Effects of subconjunctivally injected antineoplastic agents on three models of corneal inflammation. 390 78

This study was conducted to determine whether the age of the host influences the pathogenesis and therapeutic outcome of drug-treated Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis. Young (3- to 5-month-old) and old (1.5- to 3-year-old) rabbits were intrastromally infected with P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Sixteen hours later, rabbits in both age subpopulations were divided into three groups and treated topically as follows: group 1, phosphate-buffered saline; group 2, 0.3% ciprofloxacin; and group 3, 0.3% ciprofloxacin, 1.0% prednisolone, and 0.03% flurbiprofen. Drops were given every 15 min for 1 h and then every 30 min for 9 h. At 27 h postinfection, ocular pathology was graded with a slit lamp examination (SLE) scoring system. Aqueous humor was collected for ciprofloxacin quantitation, and corneas were harvested for bacterial enumeration and estimation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Young rabbits had more severe inflammation and pathology than old rabbits. At 27 h postinfection, SLE scores and polymorphonuclear leukocyte numbers were significantly higher for young rabbits than old rabbits (P < 0.02), regardless of treatment. Prednisolone and flurbiprofen significantly reduced SLE scores in both age groups (P < 0.03) without affecting the antimicrobial efficacy of ciprofloxacin.
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PMID:Age and therapeutic outcome of experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis treated with ciprofloxacin, prednisolone, and flurbiprofen. 823 96

Latent canine herpesvirus-1 (CHV-1) infection is common in domestic dogs, but recrudescent CHV-1 diseases are poorly characterized. To determine if administration of an immunosuppressive dosage of prednisolone to adult dogs latently infected with CHV-1 results in recurrent ocular disease, adult beagles with and without experimentally induced CHV-1 latent infection were divided into groups: group 1 latently infected and administered prednisolone, group 2 latently infected and administered placebo, and group 3 not latently infected and administered prednisolone. Prednisolone (3.0 mg/kg/day) was administered to dogs in groups 1 and 3 for seven consecutive days beginning on study day 1. Samples for CHV-1 polymerase chain reaction and serum neutralization (SN) assays were collected, and physical, ophthalmologic, and in vivo ocular confocal microscopic examinations were performed at intervals for 42 days. Bilateral ocular disease (i.e., conjunctivitis or keratitis) was detected in 83% of group 1 dogs between study days 3 and 18. In vivo confocal microscopic abnormalities included conjunctival leukocyte infiltration and corneal leukocyte infiltration, abnormal epithelial cell morphology, and Langerhans cell infiltration. Ocular viral shedding was detected in 50% of group 1 dogs on study days 10 and 13. Fourfold elevations in CHV-1 SN titers were detected in 100% of group 1 dogs by study day 14. Dogs in control groups did not develop clinical ocular disease (P<0.05), CHV-1 titer elevations (P<0.005), or viral shedding. Administration of an immunosuppressive dosage of systemic prednisolone to adult dogs latently infected with CHV-1 may result in viral reactivation and ocular disease recrudescence.
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PMID:Experimental reactivation of latent canine herpesvirus-1 and induction of recurrent ocular disease in adult dogs. 1934 21