Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) belong to the protein family of neurotrophins. They both display profound neuromodulatory functions and are essentially involved in the survival and homeostatic maintenance of central and peripheral neurons during development and adulthood. Moreover, NGF and BDNF are known to modulate immune cell function and thus serve as mediators in the reciprocal cross talk between neurons and immune cells. Neurotrophic factors have been implicated in pathophysiological mechanisms of many diseases of the nervous and the immune system, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), neuropathy, pain, allergic bronchial asthma (BA) and neurotrophic keratitis. For all these diseases research has reached the point of creating strategies for therapeutic intervention with neurotrophins. In this review, we present an overview of the pathophysiology, therapeutic interventions and strategies concerning NGF and BDNF in the mentioned diseases.
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PMID:Neurotrophic factors--a tool for therapeutic strategies in neurological, neuropsychiatric and neuroimmunological diseases? 1789 80

A 75-year-old previously healthy woman was referred for evaluation of pain and foreign body sensation in her left eye of 4 days' duration. Two weeks before presentation she was diagnosed with herpes zoster involving the left forehead and temple area and started on famciclovir treatment. Examination of her left cornea revealed inferior superficial punctate keratitis, but no dendrites or pseudodendrites. Upper eyelid eversion disclosed unusual raised palpebral subconjunctival hemorrhages on the left side. She was started on topical prednisolone eyedrops in the left eye, and her symptoms improved over the following week. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus can initially present in the eyelids. Careful follow-up with particular attention to the eyelids and eyelid eversion is recommended in any patient presenting with herpes zoster to detect early ocular involvement.
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PMID:Palpebral subconjunctival hemorrhages in herpes zoster ophthalmicus. 1835 32

Richner-Hanhart syndrome or oculocutaneous tyrosinemia is characterized by painful palmo-plantar keratoderma, keratitis with photophobia and progressive mental impairment. The syndrome is caused by deficient hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase and is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. We report a 28 year-old woman with lifelong photophobia, eye pain and painful plantar hyperkeratotic lesions, necessitating use of a wheelchair. A few days after instituting tyrosine lowering therapy, her eye symptoms disappeared and she could walk without pain. Her brother was later diagnosed with the same disease.
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PMID:[Two cases of Richner-Hanhart syndrome (oculocutaneous tyrosinemia)]. 1836 60

Infectious keratitis is a fairly common entity in India. However while paying attention to the primary entity, the associated events may be overlooked. Enhanced pain usually suggests a worsening of the condition or development of associated problems like secondary glaucoma. However, contrary to logic, a sudden decrease in pain is also likely to suggest a worsening, e.g. perforation of the corneal ulcer. Various such problems with their management are outlined.
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PMID:First aid for complications of infectious keratitis. 1841 23

A 54-yr-old male, who was treated by chemotherapy for gastric cancer 15 months ago, presented to Yongdong Severance Hospital, Seoul, with complaints of pain in his right eye caused by a foreign body from the ground in the previous week. He had been treated with topical and oral antibacterial in addition to antifungal agents, but did not show significant clinical improvement. After a positive corneal culture with mold, topical amphotericin B was added to the initial regimen. The mold was identified as Scedosporium apiospermum by macroscopic and microscopic morphologies and the nucleotide sequences of a fungal PCR product showing 99% homology with those of S. apiospermum (EF151349). He recovered with good results at 25 days after corneal epithelial debridement. The early diagnosis of S. apiospermum keratitis is very important for proper treatment. It is recommended that molecular diagnostic methods such as fungal PCR and sequencing be done with conventional cultures whenever a fungal infection is suspected.
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PMID:[A case of Scedosporium apiospermum keratitis confirmed by a molecular genetic method]. 1872 81

This is a case report of Acanthamoeba as a causative agent of keratitis at the Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Rijeka. Delay in treatment led to an advanced stage of the disease with multiple complications. Initially, presented symptoms were similar to those of herpetic keratitis. In the mean time progression of the disease led to a cloudy cornea with a stromal ring infiltrate, poor vision, elevated intraocular pressure, a mature cataract and finally corneal melt. Corneal scrapings were obtained from a 28 years old female patient, wearing soft contact lenses and with poor lens hygiene. Acanthamoeba cysts were identified by the cytological examination. Culture of the corneal scraping had confirmed Acanthamoeba as the etiological agent. Making the diagnosis of Acanthamoeba is difficult. We presented this case of delayed diagnosis and unfavorable outcome as a reminder that clinical suspicion remains the most important diagnostic tool. Contact lens wears with a new diagnosis of herpes simplex keratitis are in high risk group, especially those with significant pain or poor response to conventional therapy. We also wanted to point out the possibility of an early, prompt and inexpensive diagnosis with the cytological examination.
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PMID:Acanthamoeba keratitis--importance of the early diagnosis. 1913 28

We report a case of bacterial keratitis 3 days after corneal crosslinking for keratoconus. The patient complained of increasing pain and redness combined with blurred vision in the treated eye starting on the first postoperative day. Clinical examination showed multiple stromal infiltrations and moderate anterior chamber inflammation. Corneal scraping revealed an Escherichia coli infection, which was successfully treated with fortified tobramycin and cephazolin eyedrops for several weeks. This is the first report of a case of rare postoperative complication resulted in an avascularized corneal scar and permanent reduction of the visual acuity.
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PMID:Bacterial keratitis early after corneal crosslinking with riboflavin and ultraviolet-A. 1925 Nov 54

Therapeutic contact lenses are useful in a variety of ocular surface diseases. Their main indications are: to relieve the pain; protect ocular surface; promote corneal healing and epithelial regeneration; seal a leaking corneal wound and deliver ophthalmic drugs on the ocular surface. There are several kinds of lens designs and materials, and their choice is dependent on the specific disease to be treated, the duration of treatment and the physiologic needs of the diseased cornea. Bullous keratopathy, recurrent epithelial erosion syndrome, dry eye and postoperative epithelial defects are amongst their indications. Therapeutic contact lenses should not be indicated in the presence of active infectious keratitis or when the patient is not compliant. Corneal neovascularization, giant papillary conjunctivitis and infectious keratitis are serious complications, which can be prevented by correctly fitting and maintaining the therapeutic contact lenses. Silicon-hydrogel therapeutic contact lenses, due to their higher oxygen permeability, allow extended wear schedules, decreasing the need for frequent lens replacement.
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PMID:[Therapeutic contact lenses and the advantages of high Dk materials]. 1927 6

Percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) thermorhizotomy of the trigeminal nerve is an effective treatment for trigeminal neuralgia. Long-term efficacy is proportional to the degree of postoperative hypoesthesia. The advantage is the topographic selectivity of the thermolesion, provided the electrode tip is placed accurately. This requires precise x-ray guidance and neurophysiological testing. In addition to the indication in idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia, especially for elderly patients with precarious conditions, thermorhizotomy is particularly useful for treating patients with trigeminal neuralgia due to multiple sclerosis. It can also be applied to symptomatic neuralgias, but only when the main components are of the paroxysmal and/or the allodynic types ; the thermorhizotomy method could aggravate permanent components, especially when burning pain predominates; it could also increase preexisting trophic disturbances, particularly keratitis.
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PMID:[Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with thermorhizotomy]. 1930 14

Keratitis with endophthalmitis of the right eye occurred in a 78-year-female following a complicated cataract surgery. Prompt intravitreal vancomycin and ceftazidime with topical fortified tobramycin and cefazolin treatments were started. The corneal, aqueous and vitreous cultures grew a Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) strain on the fourth day. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the recA amplicon revealed B. cepacia genomovar I. The organism was found to be susceptible to ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. Topical ciprofloxacin was given immediately. At day 10, the pain relieved and the clinical condition of the patient improved with resolution of the purulent discharge, severe circumcorneal congestion and chemosis. The size of the corneal abscess and anterior chamber exudation decreased. The Bcc should be included among the bacterial species that may cause keratitis following intraocular surgeries.
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PMID:Burkholderia cepacia keratitis with endophthalmitis. 1966 Dec 6


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