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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (
keratitis
)
5,133
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
The review article focuses on free radicals and oxidative stress involved in ophthalmological diseases such as retinopathy, cataract, glaucoma, etc. Oxidative stress is considered as a key factor involved in the pathology of many chronic diseases including ophthalmic complication and inflammatory process. Oxidative stress and inflammation are closely related pathophysiological processes and are simultaneously found in many pathological conditions. The free radicals produced oxidize cellular components such as lipids and phospholipids leading to lipid peroxidation and trigger the onset of retinopathy. Cataract is a significant cause of visual disability and it is proposed that the high incidence is related to oxidative stress induced by continued intraocular penetration of light and consequent photochemical generation of free radical oxidants. Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness and comprises a group of diseases characterized by progressive optic nerve degeneration. Oxidative injury and altered antioxidant defense mechanisms in glaucoma appear to play a role in the pathophysiology of glaucomatous neurodegeneration that is characterized by death of retinal ganglion cells. The UVB radiations through this way may cause a number of diseases like photo-
keratitis
, pterygium, damage to epithelium, edema, and corneal cell apoptosis.
Abbreviations
:
ROS
: reactive oxygen species; RNS: reactive nitrogen species; O
2.
: superoxide anion; H
2
O
2
: hydrogen peroxide;. OH: hydroxyl radicals; ONOO
-
, ONO
2
-:
peroxynitrite; NO: nitric oxide; IOP: intraocular pressure; RGC: retinal ganglion cells. WHO: World Health Organization; IAPB: International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness.
...
PMID:Biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in ophthalmic disorders. 3204 82
Pathogenic and opportunistic free-living amoebae such as
Acanthamoeba
spp. can cause
keratitis
(AK), which may ultimately lead to permanent visual impairment or blindness.
Acanthamoeba
can also cause a rare but usually fatal granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE). Current therapeutic options for AK require a lengthy treatment with nonspecific drugs that often are associated with adverse effects. Recent developments in the field led us to target cAMP pathways, specifically phosphodiesterase. Guided by computational tools we targeted the
Acanthamoeba
phosphodiesterase, RegA. Computational studies led to the construction and validation of a homology model followed by a virtual screening protocol guided by induced-fit docking and chemical scaffold analysis using our MBC chemical library. Subsequently, 18 virtual screening hits were prioritized for further testing
in vitro
against
A. castellanii
, identifying amoebicidal hits containing piperidine and urea imidazole cores. Promising activities were confirmed in the resistant cyst form of the amoeba and in additional clinical
Acanthamoeba
strains, increasing their therapeutic potential. Mechanism of action studies revealed that these compounds produce apoptosis through
ROS
-mediated mitochondrial damage. These chemical families show promise for further optimization to produce effective anti-Acanthamoebal drugs.
...
PMID:Discovery of Amoebicidal Compounds by Combining Computational and Experimental Approaches. 3322 26
