Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-five patients with virologically confirmed dendritic keratitis were treated in a randomized, double-blind controlled study with a basic therapy of trifluorothymidine (TFT) eye drops. In addition they received different human recombinant interferon (rHu IFN) eye drops. The following results were obtained for average healing times: TFT plus one drop daily of rHu IFN-alpha 2 arg (30 million iu/ml): 3.3 days, TFT plus rHu IFN-gamma (30 million iu/ml): 3.9 days, TFT plus a mixture of alpha plus gamma (0.3 million iu/ml each): 6.1 days, TFT plus a mixture of alpha plus gamma (1.5 million iu/ml each): 3.3 days. High-titer gamma interferon did not significantly differ from high-titer alpha interferon in the combination therapy of dendritic keratitis. A mixture of alpha plus gamma at a moderate titer (1.5 million iu/ml each) was as effective as a high-titer mono-preparation. Adding a low-titer interferon mixture gave no better therapeutic results than antiviral monotherapy. Thus it seems possible to save about 90% of interferon commonly used in the combination therapy of dendritic keratitis by applying a mixture of different suitable interferons instead of interferon monospecies.
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PMID:The potency of interferon-alpha 2 and interferon-gamma in a combination therapy of dendritic keratitis. A controlled clinical study. 303 Jun 50

This review of ten years of experience presents the results of clinical use of human beta-interferon (Frone) in viral ocular disease. Two forms of human beta-interferon have been used: (a) Frone cream 20,000 IU/g (Inter-Yeda Ltd.) for local treatment and prevention of HSV-1 periocular skin lesions and for Herpes zoster ophthalmicus. (b) Frone eye drops (500,000-1,000,000 U) for prophylaxis and treatment of adenovirus infections and for prevention of recurrent HSV-1 keratitis. Our results show that Frone cream or drops, applied at an early stage, is: (a) Effective in significantly shortening the course of the disease; (b) Has a drying effect on herpetic skin lesions, and tear secretion in adeno viral disease; (c) Reduces the frequency from 1.2 to 0.04 attacks per year for patients with known biological rhythm of the disease; (d) Prevents subepithelial keratitis in 45% of the study population; (e) Prophylactic treatment of interferon in families reduces the incidence of contamination from 65% to 20%.
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PMID:Ten years of experience with human fibroblast interferon in treatment of viral ophthalmic infections. 307 9

Complete gene synthesis methods have been used to construct analogs of human interferons (IFNs): these include a consensus of the known human IFN-alpha S, designated IFN-alpha Con1 and a variant of human IFN-gamma, designated IFN-gamma 4A. These interferons, in purified form, were used topically against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) induced ocular keratitis in rabbits. Eyes pretreated with IFN-alpha Con1 had decreased signs of infection and a lower incidence of HSV-1 positive trigeminal ganglia (3 of 14 positive) compared to the placebo treated (10 of 14 positive). IFN-alpha Con1 was as effective as natural IFN-alpha subtypes on a units basis, despite the very high specific activity of this analog. IFN-gamma 4A used under similar conditions do not result in beneficial effects with treatments beginning 24 or 48 hr before or 4 hr after virus inoculation. Rabbits with confirmed latent HSV infection were treated topically with IFN-alpha Con1 (10(6) units per eye each day) either before or before and after attempts to intentionally reactivate the infection by bilateral iontophoresis of 6-hydroxydopamine plus topical epinephrine treatment of the corneas. These IFN-alpha Con1 treatment regimens along with intentional reactivation during latency did not: (1) lessen the frequency of inducible ocular shedding episodes; (2) alter the mean time of 3-5 days between attempts to reactive latent infection and the appearance of HSV in tears; or (3) significantly change the incidence of HSV-positive trigeminal ganglia (83-100% HSV positive).
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PMID:Human alpha and gamma interferon analogs in rabbits with herpetic keratitis. 392 22

Human interferon gamma (HuIFN-gamma) was found to prevent herpes-simplex virus (HSV 1) induced keratitis in monkey eyes, when administered topically at concentrations of greater than or equal to 3 X 10(5) reference units/ml. Protective efficacy demonstrated with lower concentrations of HuIFN-gamma in combination with low titers of HuIFN-alpha provided evidence of synergistic interferon activity in vivo. Tolerance problems observed in eyes affected by virus inoculation seem to be attributable to the experimental conditions including species heterology.
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PMID:Recombinant HuIFN-gamma prevents herpes simplex keratitis in African green monkeys: demonstration of synergism with recombinant HuIFN-alpha 2. 392 44

Clinical trials of the antiviral action of interferon have shown an effect on the replication of several viruses including varicella zoster, herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus and hepatitis B. These studies indicate that administration early in the course of infection, or in some clinical circumstances, prophylactic administration, is likely to result in viral inhibition. The studies of interferon efficacy in topical application, as in prevention of recurrent herpes simplex keratitis, have shown limited efficacy except with very high doses. These studies are being pursued with more concentrated preparations of interferon. The evaluation of interferon in human malignancy is just beginning, but some encouraging results have been obtained in open trials of the drug in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, melanoma, osteogenic sarcoma, and other diseases. With newer methods for the production of interferon, it may be possible to evaluate its antiviral and anti-tumor effects in carefully controlled studies with larger numbers of subjects.
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PMID:Interferon as an antiviral and anti-tumor therapeutic agent. 616 51

Human buffy-coat interferon and a leukocyte subtype (LeIF-A) obtained by gene cloning in Escherichia coli were equally effective in ameliorating the course of herpetic keratitis in rabbits when applied topically at a daily dose of 0.5 X 10(6) units per eye for six days commencing one day before infection. When given intramuscularly at the same dose, there was no alteration in the course of the disease. Topical treatments with LeIF-A were equally effective in suppressing epithelial damage seven days after infection, regardless of whether treatment commenced one day before infection or two days after infection. However, treatment from the day before infection also caused a significant decrease in epithelial defect two days after infection.
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PMID:Natural and cloned human leukocyte interferon in herpesvirus infections of rabbit eyes. 617 98

Topical application of human fibroblast-derived (beta) interferon (HulFN-beta) has been used in treatment of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis due to adenovirus. Patients received a total of 1-2 x 10(5) reference units of HulFN-beta per day, divided into 8-10 drops. Control patients received corticosteroid therapy or a placebo containing human serum albumin, with the same administration schedule. The severity and evolution of symptoms was analyzed according to a number of clinical criterias. The results indicate that in the interferon-treated group the length of the disease was reduced from an average of 27 days to 6.5 days. The number of cases in which keratitis occurred as a complication of the disease was reduced in the interferon-treated group to 10%, as opposed to 57% in the control group. Doses of interferon lower than 5 x 10(4) units per day, were not effective to prevent keratitis.
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PMID:Use of human fibroblast-derived (beta) interferon in the treatment of epidemic adenovirus keratoconjunctivitis. 618 50

The inhibition of herpetic keratitis by a combination of Poly I:C with DEAE-Dextran and IUDR was studied in rabbit eyes. This treatment was administered 72 h after HSV inoculation (daily) for 3 days and continued once daily for another 2-3 days. A significant improvement was detected in rabbit eyes beginning on the first day of treatment, and there was minimal scarring. This improvement in herpetic keratitis coincided with a decrease in the virus titer isolated from rabbit eyes and an increase in interferon titer detected in rabbit tears. The cornea and trigeminal ganglia of treated and control rabbits were tested in order to prove whether this combined treatment could inhibit the migration of HSV from the cornea to the trigeminal ganglia. During the active stage of the disease, HSV was isolated in a lower titer from the cornea of the treated rabbits and from the ganglia of only half of this rabbit group. During the latent stage of the disease, no HSV was isolated from the cornea of either rabbit group, but HSV was isolated from the ganglia explants of the treated rabbits in a somewhat lower titer than from the controls. This treatment administered 3 days after the virus inoculation could not prevent the migration of HSV from the infected cornea towards the trigeminal ganglia.
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PMID:The effect of poly I:C and IUDR on the inhibition of HSV in rabbit eyes. 618 66

We treated 45 patients with virologically verified dendritic keratitis with a combination of interferon and acyclovir 3% or with placebo and acyclovir 3% in a double-masked study. One drop of human leukocyte interferon (30 X 10(6) IU/ml) or albumin-placebo was administered daily. Acyclovir ointment was applied five times daily. The mean healing time of the corneal ulcers in 24 patients treated with interferon and acyclovir was 3.9 days and the mean healing time in 21 patients treated with placebo and acyclovir was seven days. The difference was significant (P less than .001).
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PMID:Combination therapy for dendritic keratitis with human leukocyte interferon and acyclovir. 618 16

The clinical studies reviewed here indicated the usefulness of topical application of Human-fibroblast-derived (Beta) interferon (Hu1FN-B) in treatment of Adeno-8 Epidemic-keratoconjunctivitis. A week treatment with 2-5 x 10(5) reference units daily doses, starting early as possible, reduced the length of the disease from 22 day to a week, and almost totally prevented the appearance of subepithelial keratitis which occurred in 57% of the control group. Possibly interferon should be given also prophylactically to individuals exposed to contagion. Our results encourage further investigation on the Hu1 FN-B use as a drug for treatment and prevention of viral infection.
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PMID:Clinical effect of human-fibroblast-derived (Beta) interferon in treatment of adeno-virus epidemic keratoconjunctivitis and its complications. 630 37


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