Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Considerable variation in the frequency of the clinical manifestations of onchocerciasis was seen in the individual endemic foci of the disease in province of Esmeraldas, Ecuador. In hypoendemic areas, 84.6% of all microfilaria-positive inhabitants were found to be free of any clinical manifestations of the disease, whereas in the hyperendemic area clinical manifestations were present in 57.9% of those infected. Ocular keratitis, macular papular rash of the skin and subcutaneous onchocercal nodules of varying frequency were the major clinical variants. Long-standing onchodermatitis and hypertrophy of the skin were rarely seen. Clinical evidence of prolonged ocular and skin invasion by microfilariae was seen only in the hyperendemic area. Of the 26.1% of the microfilaria-positive inhabitants who had onchocercal nodules, 91.7% lived in the hyperendemic area. 41.1% of all nodules occurred in the region of the iliac crest. Clinical conditions associated with high microfilarial density, i.e., elephantiasis of the legs and scrotum, lymphadenopathy, hanging groin, hydrocele and inguinal hernia were seen only in the hyperendemic area. The clinical features were similar to those seen in Africa, but the low incidence of the clinical presentation and severity of the disease suggested a recent infestation of the province.
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PMID:Onchocerciasis in Ecuador. III. Clinical manifestations of the disease in the province of Esmeraldas. 671 May 79

Unilateral iritis, keratitis and episcleritis presented in a 45-year-old female Melanesian from New Britain, Papua New Guinea. A motile nematode was seen in the anterior vitreous but was not recovered. Inflammation resolved with topical corticosteroid and antibiotic treatment, but visual impairment persisted. She failed to return for repeat serology after discharge, and measurement of serum antibody levels to Angiostrongylus cantonensis in the single specimen obtained, using the direct and indirect immunofluorescent tests, showed a titre of 1:128. Ocular angiostrongyliasis is briefly reviewed and the differential diagnosis of intra-ocular nematode infestation is presented.
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PMID:A probable case of ocular angiostrongyliasis in New Britain, Papua New Guinea. 692 75

Pthiriasis palpebrarum caused by infestation with Pthirus pubis (crab louse) draws attention to pediculosis in the pubic and inguinal region. As pthiriasis is usually transmitted by sexual contact, many cases are likely to have other sexually transmitted diseases. A multidisciplinary approach is essential in the management of these cases. In this case report, we highlight the above and report for the first time associated keratitis.
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PMID:Pediculosis pubis: presentation to ophthalmologist as pthriasis palpebrarum associated with corneal epithelial keratitis. 1673 70

CD4(+), CD8(+), immunoglobulin status and ocular lesions of some onchocerciasis-infected rural Nigerians as manifested by the presence of microfilariae in their skin snips and some chronic symptoms of the parasitic infestation were evaluated. The highest mean CD4(+) and mean microfilarial (mff) load of 560 +/- 20.46 unit cells/microl and 20 mff/mg were recorded among the individuals within the second decade of life, while the least mean CD4+ and mff load of 307.20 +/- 11.23 unit cell/microl and 6.5 mff/mg occurred among volunteers after 60 years of age. The highest mean CD8(+) of 388.00 +/- 23.71 unit cells/microl occurred at the third decade of life. The individuals above 60 years had the least mean CD8(+) of 350.25 +/- 11.90 unit cells/microl. The volunteers had mean CD4(+) of 372.45 +/- 109.02 unit cells/microl and mean CD8(+) of 359.42 +/- with an overall CD4(+):CD8(+) ratio of 1.04. The mean CD4(+) and mean CD8(+) had positive correlation with the mean microfilarial load (r = 0.52 and r = 0.40), respectively. The mean IgE, IgG, lgA, IgM, and IgD were 2,074.82 +/- 823.09, 19.36 +/- 2.49, 3.88 +/- 0.26, 3.59 +/- 0.38, and 0.29 +/- 0.19 mg/dl, and these immunoglobulins negatively correlated with the mean microfilarial load at r = -0.02, r = -0.15, r = -0.82, r = -0.37, and r = 0.26, respectively. Among these immunoglobulins evaluated, only mean IgE (2,074.82 +/- 823 ng/ml) was statistically different from the control subjects (0 mg/dl) at t = 3.39, P < 0.05. In all, the prevalence of the visual impairment and lesions were low. Among the six visual lesions, namely, cataract, choroidoretinitis, iridocyclitis, glaucoma, sclerosing keratitis, and optic atrophy encountered in Egoro-Eguare, only optic atrophy and sclerosing keratitis was reported among the children. The female adults had the highest prevalence of reduced vision 20(43.5%). Also, the prevalence of choroidoretinitis (2.2%) and iridocyclitis (2.2%) were the least prevalent ocular lesions reported among these female adults. The depletion of the CD4(+) contributed to the low prevalence of visual impairment and lesions in this locality. The depleted CD4(+), CD8(+), and the lower values of IgA, IgM, and IgG contributed in the maintenance of chronicity of onchocerciasis in Egoro-Eguare, Nigeria.
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PMID:CD4(+), CD8(+), immunoglobulin status and ocular lesions among some onchocerciasis-infected rural Nigerians. 1720 2

Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a sight-threatening corneal infection, the epidemiology of which is related to the specific genotype of Acanthamoeba. In this study, the genotypes of 14 Acanthamoeba isolates, each from a patient with AK, were identified according to the highly variable DF3 region in the 18S rRNA gene at Shandong Eye Institute, PR China, from 2000 to 2009, and the clinical characteristics of these patients were analysed. All 14 amoebae were genotype T4, representing nine different DF3 sequence types, seven of which were newly identified. Cornea infestation was the main risk factor for these 14 AK patients. Amoebic cysts could be detected in all corneal scrapes. Corneal ulcers were located mainly at the corneal centre, accompanied by eye pain, and some appeared with a Wessely ring. Surgery was carried out on all patients. Acanthamoeba genotypes T4/26 and T4/27 were found to cause a more severe keratitis, whilst the others showed no significant differences in clinical characteristics. In conclusion, the majority of the keratitis-causing Acanthamoeba isolates were genotype T4, with Acanthamoeba genotypes T4/26 and T4/27 from PR China causing a more severe keratitis.
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PMID:Genotyping of Acanthamoeba isolates and clinical characteristics of patients with Acanthamoeba keratitis in China. 2005 72

The similarities of the larval and nymph stages of the tick and louse (Pthirus pubis) may lead to misdiagnosis in rare cases of infestation of the eyelashes. The most frequent manifestations of tick in the eye are conjunctivitis, uveitis, keratitis, and vasculitis. Tick inoculation of the skin can locally lead to formation of granuloma and abscess. More concerning is the potential systemic sequelae that can result from transmission of zoonoses such as Lyme disease. P. pubis can cause pruritic eyelid margins or unusual blepharoconjunctivitis. We present a case of phthiriasis palpebrarum in a 4-year-old boy.
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PMID:Phthriasis palpebrarum can resemble tick larva infestation in an eyelid. 2399 22

Ophthalmomyiasis externa is the infestation of the superficial external ocular structures by fly larvae. This is a particularly rare condition, which has nevertheless been reported in several countries worldwide. It is common in sheep-farming areas, especially in Mediterranean countries. The patients may present with classic conjunctivitis, pseudomembranous conjunctivitis, conjunctival hemorrhages, punctuate keratitis, keratouveitis, and eyelid edema with erythema. Herein, we present three cases of external ophthalmomyiasis caused by Oestrus ovis larvae and review ophthalmomyiasis cases reported from Turkey.
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PMID:External ophthalmomyiasis: a case series and review of ophthalmomyiasis in Turkey. 2689 73

Among different species of mites, Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis are the only 2 that affect the human eye. Because demodicosis is highly age-dependent and can be found in asymptomatic adults, the pathogenicity of these mites has long been debated. In this study, we summarize our research experience including our most recent study regarding Demodex infestation as a potential cause of ocular inflammatory diseases. Specifically, we describe the pathogenesis of demodicosis and then discuss the results of work investigating the associations and relationships between ocular demodicosis and blepharitis, meibomian gland diseases, and keratitis, in turn. This is followed by some discussion of the diagnosis of demodicosis and concludes with a brief discussion of evidence for different treatments for ocular demodicosis. Collectively, our studies suggest a strong correlation between ocular demodicosis and ocular surface inflammatory conditions, such as blepharitis, chalazia, meibomian gland dysfunction, and keratitis. Further investigation of the underlying pathogenic mechanism is warranted.
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PMID:Ocular Demodicosis as a Potential Cause of Ocular Surface Inflammation. 2890 17

Ophthalmomyiasis is an infestation of mammalian eyes with larvae or maggots of certain flies. Oestrus ovis is the most common cause of human myiasis. This article reports a case of ophthalmomyiasis externa caused by Oestrus ovis (sheep nasal botfly) in a young healthy male, living in Al Kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Patient presented with acute symptoms in left eye in April, mimicking as unilateral conjunctivitis/keratitis/external ocular foreign body/uveitis. Prompt diagnosis and mechanical removal of five live larvae from conjunctival fornices of the left eye under topical anaesthesia and cyclopentolate 1% eyedrops, not only relieved patient's severe symptoms in a single day but also prevented rare yet sight threatening complications.
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PMID:Ophthalmomyiasis externa: A case report from Alkharj, Saudi Arabia. 3022 93