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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Involvement of the outer eye in Onchocerca volvulus infection is characterized by an inflammatory process around degenerating microfilariae. Individual microfilariae in the cornea may be associated with localized punctate lesions or, especially when present in large numbers, may provoke a sclerosing keratitis due to invasion by fibrovascular pannus from the limbal conjunctiva. Anterior uveitis develops in some patients and can be either granulomatous, probably as a result of direct microfilarial invasion of the iris and ciliary body, or non-granulomatous, in which case the inflammation is likely to be a response to free microfilarial antigens. Posterior segment involvement takes the form of either inflammatory or atrophic lesions, or both. It is possible that the marked atrophy of the retina and choriocapillaris seen in some cases is largely attributable to preceding choroiditis and that the optic nerve atrophy has a similar pathogenesis.
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PMID:Pathology of ocular onchocerciasis: human and experimental. 84 43

In this study, we reevaluate the results of radiofrequency rhizotomy and review the effectiveness of other surgical procedures for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. Five hundred patients with trigeminal neuralgia underwent radiofrequency rhizotomy at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, between 1981 and 1986. Their results are compared with those of patients reported in the literature who underwent radiofrequency rhizotomy (6205 patients), glycerol rhizotomy (1217 patients), balloon compression (759 patients), microvascular decompression (MVD) (1417 patients), and partial trigeminal rhizotomy (250 patients). Comparisons were based on the following outcome parameters: technical success, pain relief and recurrence, facial numbness, dysesthesia, corneal anesthesia, keratitis, trigeminal motor dysfunction, permanent cranial nerve deficit, intracranial hemorrhage or infarction, perioperative morbidity, and perioperative mortality. We found that MVD had the lowest rate of technical success. Radiofrequency rhizotomy and MVD had the highest rates of initial pain relief and the lowest rates of pain recurrence. Glycerol rhizotomy had the highest rate of pain recurrence. Balloon compression had the highest rate of trigeminal motor dysfunction. Balloon compression and MVD had the lowest rates of corneal anesthesia or keratitis. MVD had the lowest rates of facial numbness and dysesthesia. All percutaneous procedures had similar rates of dysesthesia. Posterior fossa exploration had the highest rates of permanent cranial nerve deficit, intracranial hemorrhage or infarction, and perioperative morbidity and mortality. On the basis of our experience and a review of the literature, we conclude the following: 1) percutaneous techniques and posterior fossa exploration offer advantages and disadvantages, 2) radiofrequency rhizotomy is the procedure of choice for most patients undergoing first surgical treatments, and 3) MVD is recommended for healthy patients who have isolated pain in the first ophthalmic trigeminal division or in all three trigeminal divisions and patients who desire no sensory deficit.
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PMID:Comparison of surgical treatments for trigeminal neuralgia: reevaluation of radiofrequency rhizotomy. 914 78

Implantation of an Intraocular Posterior-chamber Lens for a Phacik Eye from STAAR Surgical Co. in Medium and Higher Grades of Myopia and Hyperopia Implantation of an intraocular Collamer lens for a phacic eye produced by STAAR Surgical (ICL) co. is a modern method of correction of medium and high-grade refractive defects--myopia and hyperopia. The authors evaluate the results of implantation of ICL Staar Surgical in 20 eyes of 13 patients (1 man and 12 women). Their mean age was 31.36 +/- 9.21 years and the follow-up period 1-54 months (mean 28.8 months +/- 12.42). The group was divided into two sub-groups--hyperopia (8 eyes) and myopia (12 eyes). The mean value of refraction before surgery was 28 D +/- 2.03 and +0.25 Dcyl manifest (in cycloplegia +7.6 +/- 2.28 D) (from 3.75 D to 10.0 D) in the group of hyperopia and -14.25 D +/- 5.68 and -1.81 Dcyl (from -5.5 D to -25.0 D) in the myopic group. The required postoperative refraction was in 17 eyes emmetropia and in 3 eyes residual myopia up to -3.0 D with regard to incipient presbyopia. The authors evaluate the resultant best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), the resultant postoperative refraction, the incidence of postoperative complications and changed density of endothelial cells in the centre of the cornea in the course of time. In the group of hyperopia improvement of the BCVA as compared with the preoperative value occurred by one line in two eyes (25%), in 5 eyes (62.5%) BCVA remained unchanged. In one instance deterioration by one line occurred due to a diminution of endothelial cells in the centre of the cornea after surgery. In the group of myopia in 7 eyes (58.3%) improvement by 1 line occurred, in 2 eyes (16.7%) by 2 lines and in 3 cases (25%) BCVA remained unchanged. The mean value of postoperative refraction in the myopic group in required emmetropia (9 eyes) was -0.77 +/- 1.62 D and in required residual myopia (3 eyes) -1.5 +/- 1.32 D. The mean value of postoperative refraction in the group of hyperopia was +0.57 +/- 0.5 D for far sight and +1.28 +/- 0.58 D for near sight. The most frequent early postoperative complications included keratitis striata in 5, epithelopathy in 3 and residues of viscoelastic material behind the ICL in 3 eyes. As to late postoperative complications, in 2 eyes a change in endothelial cell density was involved, in 12 eyes the syndrome of pigment dispersal and in one eye late decentration of ICL occurred with subsequent anterior subcapsular cataract. The change in density of endothelial cells was most markedly expressed 3 months after surgery in the hyperopic group. The advantage of ICL implantation is rapid postoperative visual rehabilitation, reversibility of the operation, preserved accommodation and satisfactory stability of the postoperative refraction.
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PMID:[Implantation of the Starr Surgical intraocular posterior chamber lenses for phakic eyes in medium and higher levels of myopia and hyperopia]. 1268 Jan 16

Penetrating keratoplasty (PK) has been the gold standard for the surgical treatment of most corneal pathologies; lamellar keratoplasty that only replaces the diseased corneal layers has recently evolved as an alternative, however. Innovations in surgical technique and instrumentation provide visual outcomes comparable to PK. We review the indications and outcomes of various techniques of anterior lamellar surgery developed to treat stromal disorders. Similarly, we discuss posterior lamellar keratoplasty techniques such as Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty and Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty. Posterior lamellar keratoplasty provides faster visual rehabilitation than PK in cases of Fuchs endothelial dystrophy and pseudophakic bullous keratopathy. In addition, for medically unresponsive infectious keratitis, therapeutic anterior lamellar keratoplasty yields similar graft survival to PK without an increased risk of disease recurrence.
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PMID:Lamellar corneal transplantation. 2306 74