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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Conjunctivitis is a common problem in primary health care. Inflammation of the conjunctiva may result from infection or noninfectious causes. Microbial conjunctivitis may be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Although usually a benign, self-limited disease in healthy individuals, serious complications (eg, keratitis) may be sight-threatening. Accurate diagnosis and specific treatment of conjunctivitis remain challenging. History taking and physical examination are occasionally insufficient for correct diagnosis, thus laboratory testing may play a vital role in identification of specific pathogen(s). However, diagnostic testing has several limitations, including time-consuming methods, increased cost, and requirement for expertise in performance and interpretation. Treatment with empirical topical antibiotics for suspected infectious conjunctivitis is controversial. Although antibiotic treatment can diminish risk of adverse events and shorten the course of disease, drug resistance, toxicity, and expense are important considerations in management of acute infectious conjunctivitis.
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PMID:Conjunctivitis: systematic approach to diagnosis and therapy. 2136 77

Viral infections may involve all ocular tissues and may have short and long-term sight-threatening consequences. Among them, ocular infections caused by herpesviruses are the most frequent. HSV-1 keratitis and kerato-uveitis affect approximately are the leading cause of infectious blindness in the Western world, mainly because of corneal opacification caused by recurrences. For this reason, they may warrant long-term antiviral prophylaxis. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus, accounts for 10 to 20% of all shingles locations and can be associated with severe ocular involvement (keratitis, kerato-uveitis) of which a quarter becomes chronic/recurrent. Post herpetic neuralgias in the trigeminal territory can be particularly debilitating. Necrotizing retinitis caused by herpesviruses (HSV, VZV, CMV) are seldom, but must be considered as absolute visual emergencies, requiring urgent intravenous and intravitreal antiviral treatment. Clinical pictures depend on the immune status of the host. Adenovirus are the most frequent cause of infectious conjunctivitis. These most often benign infections are highly contagious and may be complicated by visually disabling corneal lesions that may last over months or years. Some arboviruses may be associated with inflammatory ocular manifestations. Among them, congenital Zika infections may cause macular or optic atrophy. Conjunctivitis is frequent during the acute phase of Ebola virus disease. Up to 15% of survivors present with severe chronic inflammatory ocular conditions caused by viral persistence in uveal tissues. Finally, COVID-19-associated conjunctivitis can precede systemic disease, or even be the unique manifestation of the disease. Utmost caution must be taken because of viral shedding in tears.
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PMID:[Ocular manifestations of viral diseases]. 3316 54


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